Identify the phylum, class, and scientific or common name for each specimen labeled A-H and describe the adaptations of Specimen A to its aquatic environment.

Here are the answers to your questions:

1) a)
Your answer to this question should be written in your answer book in columns as shown below:

SPECIMEN	i (Phylum)	ii (Class)	iii (Scientific or Common Name)
A	Chordata	Amphibia	Tadpole
B	Chordata	Amphibia	Toad
C	Pteridophyta	Filicopsida	Fern Plant
D	Coniferophyta	Pinopsida	Cypress
E	Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Starfish
F	Chlorophyta	Zygnematophyceae	Spirogyra
G	Annelida	Oligochaeta	Earthworm
H	Angiospermae	Dicotyledoneae	Hibiscus

1) b)
Specimen A (Tadpole) is adapted to its aquatic environment by:

• Having gills for breathing dissolved oxygen in water.
• Possessing a tail for propulsion and swimming.
• Having a streamlined body to reduce drag while moving through water.
• Feeding on algae using a herbivorous mouthpart adapted for scraping.

1) c)

i) Organisms that live in a land habitat from specimens A-H are:

• B (Toad)
• C (Fern Plant)
• D (Cypress)
• G (Earthworm)
• H (Hibiscus)

ii) Ecological relationships that exist among them:

• Competition: Fern (C), Cypress (D), and Hibiscus (H) compete for resources like sunlight, water, and soil nutrients.
• Predation: The Toad (B) preys on the Earthworm (G).
• Decomposition/Detritivory: The Earthworm (G) feeds on decaying organic matter from plants (C, D, H), contributing to nutrient cycling in the soil.

2) a)

i) Functions of four external features of specimen B (Toad) which adapt it to life in its habitat:

1. Warty, dry skin: Reduces water loss, helping the toad survive in terrestrial environments, and provides camouflage. It also contains glands that secrete toxins for defense.
2. Strong, muscular hind limbs: Adapted for hopping and jumping, allowing rapid movement on land to catch prey or escape predators.
3. Bulging eyes: Positioned on top of the head, providing a wide field of vision to detect prey and predators effectively.
4. Tympanum (eardrum): Detects sound vibrations, which is important for communication and sensing environmental changes.