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What are the key structural and functional characteristics of the trachea as described in the text?
Biology
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The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a flexible tube about 10-13 cm long and 1.5-2 cm in diameter, extending from the C6 vertebra to the T4-T5 level. It is supported by 16-20 C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings that prevent it from collapsing. The posterior wall is membranous and contains trachealis muscles, which allows the esophagus to expand when food passes through. The trachea bifurcates (divides) at a ridge called the carina into the right and left main bronchi, which lead to the lungs.
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