Incomplete Genetics multiple choice questions, solution provided.

Welcome back Gezahagn — missed you this week. Here are the solutions to the multiple-choice questions: 1. The primary function of DNA and RNA are ________ and ________ respectively. DNA's primary function is storing genetic information. RNA's primary function is involved in making proteins (protein synthesis). The correct option is A. A) Storing information, making proteins 2. If one of the DNA strand has the nucleotide sequence of 5'-CGA TTG CTA-3', what would be the nucleotide sequence of on the second strand? DNA strands are antiparallel and complementary. Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C). The complementary strand will run in the opposite direction (3' to 5'). Given strand: 5'-CGA TTG CTA-3' Complementary bases: GCT AAC GAT Reverse direction: 3'-GCT AAC GAT-5' The correct option is B. B) 3'-GCT AAC GAT-5' 3. During which step of cell division does crossing over occur? Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, occurs during Prophase I of meiosis. The correct option is C. C) Prophase I 4. Assume that a homozygous black color (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white colour (bb). What is the probability that an offspring will have black color? Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents. Parent 1: Homozygous black (BB) Parent 2: Homozygous white (bb) Step 2: Perform a Punnett square cross. The gametes from BB will all be B. The gametes from bb will all be b. Crossing BB × bb: | | B | B | |---|---|---| | b | Bb | Bb | | b | Bb | Bb | Step 3: Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring. All offspring (100\%) will have the genotype Bb. Since black color (B) is dominant over white color (b), all offspring will have a black phenotype. The correct option is C. C) 100 percent 5. Assuming that both parent plants in the diagram below are homozygous. Why would all of the f1 generation have yellow phenotypes? It is because: Step 1: Analyze the parent generation. One parent is yellow pea seed, and the other is green pea seed. Both are stated to be homozygous. Since all F1 generation offspring are yellow, this indicates that yellow is the dominant trait. Step 2: Assign alleles. Let Y represent the allele for yellow seeds and y represent the allele for green seeds. Since the parents are homozygous and all F1 are yellow, the yellow parent must be YY and the green parent must be yy. Step 3: Perform the cross for the F1 generation. YY × yy → all offspring are Yy. All Yy individuals will express the dominant yellow phenotype. Step 4: Analyze the F2 generation. The F1 generation (Yy) is self-crossed to produce the F2 generation. Yy × Yy → 1 YY : 2 Yy : 1 yy This results in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio of yellow to green, which matches the diagram. The reason all F1 generation have yellow phenotypes is because yellow is dominant over green. The correct option is B. B) Yellow is dominant over green Send me the next one 📸