Insulin is a hormone* produced by the pancreas.
This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
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Here are the answers to your questions:
46.
Insulin is a hormone* produced by the pancreas.
Its function is to regulate blood glucose levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose from the blood. If insulin is not secreted in proper amounts, blood glucose levels remain high, leading to a condition called diabetes mellitus*.
47.
a) The final products of digestion are:
• Carbohydrates: Glucose (and other monosaccharides)
• Proteins: Amino acids
• Fats: Fatty acids and glycerol
b)
• The gastric sphincter (specifically, the pyloric sphincter) controls the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine.
• The anal sphincter controls the release of feces from the body during defecation.
c) The filtering unit of the kidneys is the nephron.
48.
Plants excrete waste products through various parts.
• Roots excrete some waste substances into the soil, such as excess water and certain mineral ions.
• Stems can store waste products like resins, gums, and latex in dead cells or specialized structures within the bark or xylem.
• Leaves accumulate metabolic wastes, such as tannins and crystals of calcium oxalate, which are then removed when the leaves fall off (abscission). Some plants also excrete excess water through stomata (transpiration) and guttation.
49.
a) The defect of vision shown in the diagram is myopia (nearsightedness).
b) One cause of this defect is:
• The eyeball being too long from front to back.
• The cornea or lens having too much curvature, causing light to focus too strongly.
c) Myopia is corrected by using a concave lens (diverging lens). The concave lens diverges the incoming light rays before they enter the eye, causing them to converge correctly on the retina.
$$
\text{Diagram for correction of Myopia:}
$$
`
|
| <-- Concave Lens
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