List and state the role of five main enzymes involved in the DNA replication

Here are five main enzymes involved in DNA replication and their roles:

1. DNA Helicase: Unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs, separating the two strands to create a replication fork.
2. DNA Polymerase: Synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand in the 5' to 3' direction, and also has proofreading capabilities to correct errors.
3. Primase: Synthesizes short RNA primers, which provide a free 3'-hydroxyl group that DNA polymerase can extend from to begin synthesizing new DNA.
4. DNA Ligase: Joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming phosphodiester bonds between the adjacent DNA segments.
5. Topoisomerase (e.g., DNA gyrase): Relieves the torsional stress (supercoiling) that builds up ahead of the replication fork as the DNA unwinds, by cutting and rejoining the DNA strands.