This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
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Here are the solutions to questions 4 and 5: 4. (a) (i) Two micro-nutrients of plants: Iron Zinc (ii) Two macro-nutrients of plants: Nitrogen Phosphorus 4. (b) (i) Transport of nutrients: Blood plasma (ii) Protection of the body against infection: White blood cells (Leukocytes) (iii) Temperature regulation: Blood (specifically blood plasma) 4. (c) Three effects of poor waste management on human health: Spread of diseases like cholera and typhoid due to contaminated water and food. Respiratory problems and other illnesses from inhaling toxic fumes from burning waste. Injuries from sharp objects or hazardous materials in unmanaged waste. 4. (d) (i) Differentiate between a colloid and a suspension: A colloid* is a heterogeneous mixture where particles are larger than those in a solution but small enough not to settle out (e.g., milk). They often scatter light (Tyndall effect). A suspension* is a heterogeneous mixture where particles are large enough to be seen with the naked eye, settle over time, and can be filtered out (e.g., muddy water). (ii) Classify the following mixtures: (α) Groundnut paste and water: Suspension (β) Milk and water: Colloid (γ) Sugar and water: Solution 4. (e) (i) Work output is the useful work done by a machine on its load. (ii) How work output affects the efficiency of a machine if work input is fixed: Efficiency is calculated as Work OutputWork Input × 100\%. If the work input is fixed, an increase in work output will lead to an increase in the machine's efficiency. Conversely, a decrease in work output will decrease* the machine's efficiency. 5. (a) (i) An atom of an element is represented as ^17_8X. (α) Protons: 8 (β) Electrons: 8 (in a neutral atom) (γ) Neutrons: 17 - 8 = 9 (ii) Position of the element X in (i) on the periodic table: (α) Group: 16 (or VIA, as it has 6 valence electrons) (β) Period: 2 (as it has 2 electron shells) 5. (b) (i) Explain briefly heat transfer by conduction: Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between particles. Heat flows from hotter regions to colder regions as more energetic particles collide with and transfer energy to less energetic particles, without the overall movement of the material itself. (ii) Two other methods of heat transfer: Convection Radiation 5. (c) (i) Two examples of water bodies: Rivers Lakes (ii) Two practices of humans that destroy water bodies: Dumping industrial waste and untreated sewage into them. Deforestation, which leads to soil erosion and increased sedimentation in water bodies. (iii) Two methods of conserving water bodies: Implementing strict regulations on industrial and domestic waste disposal to prevent pollution. Promoting afforestation and reforestation to reduce soil erosion and protect watersheds. 5. (d) (i) Three ways by which bacterial diseases are managed: Administering antibiotics to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Vaccination to provide immunity against specific bacterial pathogens. Maintaining good sanitation and hygiene practices to prevent the spread of bacteria. (ii) Give an example of a bacterial disease: Cholera (Other examples include Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Tetanus) Last free one today — make it count tomorrow, or type /upgrade for unlimited.