Name the amino acid that would form at X, if a mutation caused Adenine to replace Uracil. Explain your Answer:

Here are the answers to the questions: Protein synthesis: Give 3 reasons why this diagram represents transcription: The DNA double helix is unwinding. One strand of the DNA acts as a template. RNA nucleotides are pairing with the exposed DNA bases (e.g., Uracil (U) pairs with Adenine (A) on DNA). An mRNA molecule is being synthesized from the DNA template. Describe the role of DNA in Protein synthesis: DNA contains the genetic code in the form of a sequence of nitrogenous bases. It serves as a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) during transcription. This genetic information dictates the specific sequence of amino acids, which determines the structure and function of a protein. Explain how a mutation on the DNA affects Protein Synthesis: A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence. This change can lead to an altered mRNA codon during transcription. An altered mRNA codon may result in a different amino acid being incorporated into the polypeptide chain during translation. This change in the amino acid sequence can alter the protein's three-dimensional structure and, consequently, its function. Transcription: What is given: DNA, mRNA or tRNA? Triplet, Codon or Anti Codon? The sequence "UCAGG CACA" represents mRNA and the units are Codons. Identify the amino acid at: Codon 1 (UCA): The DNA triplet that codes for UCA is AGT. From the table, AGT codes for Serine. Codon 2 (GGC): The DNA triplet that codes for GGC is CCG. From the table, CCG codes for Glycine. Codon 3 (ACA): The DNA triplet that codes for ACA is TGT. From the table, TGT codes for Threonine. Name the amino acid that would form at X, if a mutation caused Adenine to replace Uracil. Explain your Answer: The original codon at X is UCA. If Uracil (U) is replaced by Adenine (A), the new codon becomes ACA. The DNA triplet that codes for the mRNA codon ACA is TGT. According to the table, the DNA triplet TGT codes for Threonine. Therefore, the amino acid that would form at X is Threonine. Translation: Three consecutive bases on the tRNA is known as an: Anticodon Translation: Translation is the process where the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins. It occurs in the ribosomes, where tRNA molecules bring specific amino acids according to the mRNA codons. The amino acids are then linked together to form a polypeptide chain. Functions of tRNA: To transport specific amino acids* from the cytoplasm to the ribosome. To recognize and bind to complementary codons* on the mRNA molecule via its anticodon. To ensure the correct sequence of amino acids* is added to the growing polypeptide chain. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.