Which ONE of the following refers to the end product of mitosis of a human somatic cell?

here are the answers to the multiple-choice questions:

1.1.1 The individual who is known as the 'father of genetics' is ...

• C Gregor Mendel.
  • Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants, establishing the fundamental laws of heredity.

1.1.2 During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

• B Interphase.
  • DNA replication occurs during the S phase (synthesis phase) of interphase, before cell division begins.

1.1.3 A cell has 24 chromosomes at the start of meiosis. How many chromatids would there be in one daughter cell at the end of telophase I?

• A 24.
  • At the start of meiosis (after DNA replication in interphase), a cell with 24 chromosomes has 48 chromatids (each chromosome has two sister chromatids).
  • At the end of Telophase I, homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in two daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes (12 chromosomes). However, each of these 12 chromosomes still consists of two sister chromatids.
  • Therefore, each daughter cell has $12 \text{ chromosomes} \times 2 \text{ chromatids/chromosome} = 24 \text{ chromatids}$.

1.1.4 Which ONE of the following refers to the end product of mitosis of a human somatic cell?

• D Two diploid daughter cells.
  • Mitosis in a somatic cell produces two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same diploid number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

1.1.5 Which ONE of the following is a characteristic of a bipedal organism?

• B A short, wide pelvis.
  • A short, wide, bowl-shaped pelvis helps support the upper body and internal organs during upright walking, which is characteristic of bipedal organisms.