Presentation on Transdermal route, it's should be perfect with diagram
Biology
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The transdermal route delivers medication through the skin to the bloodstream. It bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, avoiding first-pass metabolism in the liver and providing sustained drug release.
Diagram:
+-------------------------------------------------+
| Epidermis (Stratum Corneum) |
| +-------------------------------------------+ |
| | [Drug Reservoir/Matrix] | |
| | (Drug slowly diffuses out) | |
| +-------------------------------------------+ |
| Dermis |
| +-------------------------------------------+ |
| | Blood Vessels (Capillaries) | |
| | (Drug absorbed into circulation) | |
| +-------------------------------------------+ |
| Subcutaneous Tissue |
+-------------------------------------------------+
Key Components of a Transdermal Patch:
- Backing Layer: Protects the drug and prevents it from escaping from the top.
- Drug Reservoir/Matrix: Contains the medication. This can be a liquid solution, gel, or solid polymer matrix.
- Adhesive Layer: Holds the patch onto the skin. It may contain some drug.
- Release Liner: Removed before application to expose the adhesive.
Advantages:
- Avoids GI irritation and first-pass metabolism.
- Provides continuous, controlled drug delivery.
- Improves patient compliance (e.g., once-daily application).
- Useful for drugs that are poorly absorbed orally.
Disadvantages:
- Skin irritation or allergic reactions.
- Only suitable for potent drugs that can be delivered in small amounts.
- Absorption can be affected by skin condition and temperature.
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