Explain the processes and products of photosynthesis, including the roles of chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water.

Here are the answers to your questions:

2.1.1

*a) The product of photosynthesis (glucose, stored as starch) is stored in the stroma.

*b) Carbon dioxide is used in the Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma.

*c) Chlorophyll is located in the thylakoid membranes, which are stacked to form grana.

a) $\boxed{\text{B}}$

b) $\boxed{\text{B}}$

c) $\boxed{\text{A}}$

2.1.2
Water is a reactant in the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis. It undergoes photolysis, splitting into electrons, protons (hydrogen ions), and oxygen. The electrons replace those lost by chlorophyll, and the protons are used to form ATP and NADPH.

2.1.3

• Photosynthesis produces glucose, which is the primary source of energy and organic matter for plants and, indirectly, for all other living organisms.
• Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, which is essential for aerobic respiration in most living organisms.