Study the organelle below and answer the questions that follow. Name the organelle. Identify structures J and K. State the function of J.

Here are the solutions to the questions: 6. Study the organelle below and answer the questions that follow. 6. (a) Name the organelle. The organelle is a chloroplast. 6. (b) Identify the structure labelled J and K. J: Stroma K: Granum (or Grana) 6. (c) State the function of the part labelled J. The stroma (J) is the site where the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis occur, leading to the synthesis of glucose. 7. (a) Name the antigens that determine human blood groups. The antigens that determine human blood groups are Antigen A and Antigen B. 7. (b) State the adaptation that enables the red blood cells to move into blood capillaries. Red blood cells are biconcave and flexible, allowing them to squeeze through narrow capillaries. 8. (a) Name the kingdom into which the prokaryotes are placed. The kingdom is Monera. 8. (b) State two characteristics used to classify arthropods in classes. • Number of body parts (e.g., 2 or 3). • Number of pairs of legs (e.g., 3, 4, or more). • Presence or absence of antennae. • Presence or absence of wings. 9. A certain plant had the following characteristics: Presence of roots, stem and leaves. Found with sori on the under surface. Life cycle in sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Sporophyte generation being dominant. Name the division in which the plant belongs. The plant belongs to the division Pteridophyta (ferns). 10. The diagram below represents part of the human digestive system. Name the organs labeled L and M. L: Liver M: Stomach 11. (a) State two functions of the blood other than transport. • Defense against pathogens (e.g., by white blood cells). • Regulation of body temperature. • Blood clotting (hemostasis) to prevent blood loss. 13. The table below shows the energy use per day in kilojoules. | Age (years) | Male (kJ) | Female (kJ) | | :---------- | :-------- | :---------- | | 2 | 5,500 | 5,500 | | 5 | 7,000 | 7,000 | | 8 | 8,800 | 8,000 | | 11 | 10,000 | 9,200 | | 14 | 12,500 | 10,500 | | 18 | 14,200 | 9,600 | | 25 | 12,100 | 8,800 | 13. (a) From the table, explain why after age 8 males require more energy than females. After age 8, males generally have a higher metabolic rate, larger body mass, and more muscle tissue compared to females. These factors contribute to a greater overall energy expenditure for basic bodily functions and physical activity. 13. (b) Other than sex and age, name three other factors that determine energy requirements in human beings. • Activity level (e.g., sedentary vs. physically active). • Body size or mass. • Environmental temperature (e.g., colder temperatures increase energy needs). • Health status (e.g., illness, fever, pregnancy, lactation). • Growth rate (for children and adolescents). 14. The diagram below is that of a gill of a fish. The questions for this diagram are not visible in the provided image.