Summarize Louis Pasteur's key contributions to microbiology.

Louis Pasteur made several foundational contributions to the development of Microbiology: Disproved Spontaneous Generation: Through his famous swan-neck flask experiments, Pasteur demonstrated that microorganisms do not spontaneously arise from non-living matter, but rather come from pre-existing microbes in the air. This was crucial in establishing microbiology as a scientific discipline. Germ Theory of Disease: Pasteur's work provided strong evidence that specific microorganisms cause specific diseases, laying the groundwork for the germ theory of disease*. This revolutionized medicine and public health. Pasteurization: He developed the process of pasteurization*, a heat treatment that kills harmful microbes in liquids like milk and wine, preventing spoilage and disease without significantly altering their quality. Vaccine Development: Pasteur developed the first vaccines for anthrax and rabies*, demonstrating the principle of attenuated vaccines and pioneering the field of immunology. Fermentation: He showed that specific microorganisms are responsible for different types of fermentation*, such as yeast in alcoholic fermentation, which had significant implications for the brewing and wine industries. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.