This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.

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3. Test for starch in a leaf
a) Step 1: The leaf is placed in boiling water. Step 2: The leaf is placed in a test tube containing hot ethanol, which is then heated in a boiling water bath. Step 3: The leaf is rinsed in boiling water. Step 4: The leaf is spread out on a white tile or petri dish, and iodine solution is added to it.
b) • To kill the leaf cells and stop all chemical reactions. • To break down the cell walls and membranes, making them permeable to iodine solution.
c) i) The leaf in the dark turned pale brown because it did not photosynthesize and therefore did not produce or store starch. Iodine solution gives a pale brown color in the absence of starch. ii) The leaf in the light turned blue-black because it photosynthesized and produced starch. Iodine solution turns blue-black in the presence of starch.
4. Hazard symbols
a) A: Oxidizing B: Flammable C: Toxic D: Harmful/Irritant E: Environmental Hazard
b) A (Oxidizing): Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium permanganate B (Flammable): Ethanol, Acetone C (Toxic): Cyanide, Mercury compounds D (Harmful/Irritant): Bleach, Ammonia E (Environmental Hazard): Pesticides, Heavy metals
c) • Fuel stations • Laboratories (for storing flammable solvents)
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This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.