What are the answers to the following questions about anemia?

Here are the answers to the questions:

1. A 24-year-old pregnant woman complains of fatigue, dizziness, and paleness; her Hb is 8g/dL. The most likely diagnosis is:

   • Explanation: Hemoglobin (Hb) levels between 7 g/dL and 9.9 g/dL are classified as moderate anemia.
   • Answer: (B) Moderate anemia

2. A pregnant woman has Hb 6g/dL with breathlessness and tachycardia. What will be the first line of immediate management?

   • Explanation: Hb 6 g/dL indicates severe anemia, especially with symptoms like breathlessness and tachycardia, which suggest cardiac compromise. In such cases, immediate blood transfusion is often necessary to rapidly increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
   • Answer: (C) Blood Transfusion

3. A female with spoon-shaped nails and pica also has anemia. The most likely deficiency of mineral is:

   • Explanation: Spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia) and pica (craving for non-nutritive substances) are classic signs of iron deficiency anemia.
   • Answer: (A) Iron

4. a) Common sign of anemia:

   • Explanation: Dyspnea (shortness of breath), pallor (paleness), and dizziness are all common symptoms and signs of anemia, resulting from reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
   • Answer: (D) All of these

   b) Richest source of iron-containing food is:

   • Explanation: Among the given options, spinach is known for its relatively high iron content.
   • Answer: (C) Spinach

   c) Anemia in pregnancy leads to complication:

   • Explanation: Anemia during pregnancy is a significant risk factor for various complications, including preterm labor, low birth weight, and increased maternal and fetal morbidity.
   • Answer: (B) Preterm labor

   d) Vitamin which helps in iron absorption:

   • Explanation: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) significantly enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based foods.
   • Answer: (C) Vitamin C

5. a) A patient has shortness of breath even at rest and cannot perform any physical activity. Its classification falls under:

   • Explanation: This description matches the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification Class IV, where symptoms of heart failure are present even at rest, and any physical activity increases discomfort.
   • Answer: (D) Class IV

   b) Heart condition most common in pregnancy:

   • Explanation: While congenital heart disease is very common, Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains a significant and common acquired heart condition affecting women of childbearing age, particularly in many parts of the world, and often presents challenges during pregnancy.
   • Answer: (C) Rheumatic HD