What are the answers to these multiple-choice questions about pharmacology?

Here are the answers to the multiple-choice questions:

1. ACE inhibitors act by: ACE inhibitors block the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II formation. The correct option is B.

   $$\boxed{\text{B. Inhibiting angiotensin II formation}}$$

2. Furosemide is a: Furosemide acts on the loop of Henle in the kidneys to increase urine output, making it a loop diuretic. The correct option is B.

   $$\boxed{\text{B. Loop diuretic}}$$

3. Beta-blockers are contraindicated in: Beta-blockers can cause bronchoconstriction by blocking $\beta_2$-receptors, which can worsen symptoms in patients with asthma. The correct option is B.

   $$\boxed{\text{B. Asthma}}$$

4. Heparin is given by: Heparin is poorly absorbed orally and must be administered parenterally, typically via IV/SC route. The correct option is B.

   $$\boxed{\text{B. IV/SC route}}$$

5. Which corticosteroid is given orally for severe asthma? Prednisolone is a commonly used oral corticosteroid for the treatment of severe asthma exacerbations. The correct option is C.

   $$\boxed{\text{C. Prednisolone}}$$

6. Which insulin has a rapid onset of action? Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog designed for a quick onset of action. The correct option is B.

   $$\boxed{\text{B. Insulin lispro}}$$

7. Proton pump inhibitors act by: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) work by irreversibly blocking the H$^+$/K$^+$ ATPase (proton pump) in the gastric parietal cells, which is responsible for acid secretion. The correct option is C. $\boxed{\text{C. Inhibiting H$^+$/K$^+$ ATPase}}$

8. Which drug is a stimulant laxative? Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative that directly stimulates the nerves in the colon to promote bowel movements. The correct option is B.

   $$\boxed{\text{B. Bisacodyl}}$$

9. Which adverse effect is common with NSAIDs? NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining, leading to common side effects like gastric irritation, ulcers, and bleeding. The correct option is B.

   $$\boxed{\text{B. Gastric irritation}}$$

10. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is especially useful for drugs with: TDM is crucial for drugs that have a small difference between their effective and toxic doses, meaning they have a narrow therapeutic index. The correct option is C.

    $$\boxed{\text{C. Narrow therapeutic index}}$$