The diagram below represents part of a reflex arc. Give the correct labels for the following parts: (a) D (b) E.

let's analyze this reflex arc diagram.

2.2.1 Give the correct labels for the following parts:

• a) D: This structure represents an Effector muscle.
  • $\boxed{\text{Effector muscle}}$
• b) E: This structure represents a Receptor (or Sensory receptor).
  • $\boxed{\text{Receptor}}$

2.2.2 Define the term reflex action.
A reflex action is a rapid, involuntary, and automatic response of the body to a stimulus, which does not involve conscious thought from the brain.

2.2.3 List TWO functions of connection B between neurons.
Connection B is a synapse.

1. It ensures that nerve impulses are transmitted in one direction only (from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron).
2. It allows for the integration and modulation of nerve impulses, enabling complex processing of information.

2.2.4 Tabulate TWO differences between neuron C and neuron F.

Feature	Neuron C (Motor Neuron)	Neuron F (Sensory Neuron)
Direction of impulse	Carries impulses away from the central nervous system to an effector.	Carries impulses towards the central nervous system from a receptor.
Cell body location	Cell body is located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord's grey matter.	Cell body is located in the dorsal root ganglion outside the spinal cord.

2.2.5

• a) Name the region of the spinal cord labelled A.
  • $\boxed{\text{White matter}}$
• b) Explain the role of this region in transmitting nerve impulses. The white matter (A) consists primarily of myelinated axons, which form nerve tracts. Its role is to rapidly transmit nerve impulses up to the brain (ascending tracts) and down from the brain to other parts of the spinal cord (descending tracts), facilitating communication within the central nervous system.