The diagram below shows parts of human ear. Give one function of part: (a) A (b) E (c) F. Write down only the LETTER of the part where sound is transmitted in the form of: (a) A pressure wave in a liquid (b) An electrical impulse

Here are the functions and explanations for the parts of the human ear:

5.1 Give one function of part:

• a) A (Pinna): Collects and funnels sound waves into the ear canal.
• b) E (Eustachian tube): Equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere.
• c) F (Tympanic membrane/Eardrum): Vibrates when sound waves strike it, transmitting these vibrations to the ossicles.

5.2 Write down only the LETTER of the part where sound is transmitted in the form of:

• a) A pressure wave in a liquid: C (Cochlea)
• b) An electrical impulse: D (Auditory nerve)

5.3 Explain the effect if the receptors in region C are damaged.
If the receptors (hair cells) in region C, the cochlea, are damaged, the person would experience sensorineural hearing loss. These receptors are responsible for converting fluid vibrations into electrical signals, so their damage would prevent sound information from being sent to the brain, leading to difficulty hearing or deafness.

5.4 Describe how the parts of the middle ear, including the membranes, assist with amplifying sounds.
Sound waves cause the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to vibrate. These vibrations are then transferred to the three tiny bones of the middle ear, the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes). The ossicles act as a lever system, amplifying the force of the vibrations. The stapes then transmits these amplified vibrations to the oval window, which is much smaller than the eardrum, further concentrating the force and increasing the pressure transmitted into the fluid of the inner ear.

5.5 Describe the role of the semi-circular canals in maintaining balance.
The semi-circular canals are three fluid-filled loops in the inner ear, oriented at right angles to each other. They detect rotational movements of the head. When the head moves, the fluid inside the canals (endolymph) shifts, bending tiny hair cells. This bending generates nerve impulses that are sent to the brain, allowing it to interpret the head's position and movement, thus maintaining dynamic equilibrium or balance.