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The diagram below represents some gaseous exchange structures in humans. Name the structures labelled C. State two ways in which the structure labelled I is suited to its function? (2 marks) by which inhaled air moves from the structure labelled L into blood capillaries (1 mark)
Biology
ScanSolve AI Answer
Haya hapa majibu ya maswali yako:
16.
- a) Majina ya miundo iliyoandikwa herufi ni:
- J: Trakea (Trachea)
- K: Ubavu (Rib)
- L: Utando wa pleura (Pleural membrane)
- M: Misuli ya intercostal (Intercostal muscle)
- b) Njia mbili ambazo muundo L (utando wa pleura) umebadilishwa kulingana na kazi yake ni:
- Hutoa majimaji ya pleura (pleural fluid) ambayo hupunguza msuguano kati ya mapafu na ukuta wa kifua wakati wa kupumua.
- Huunda nafasi iliyofungwa (pleural cavity) inayosaidia kushikilia mapafu kwenye ukuta wa kifua kutokana na mvutano wa uso, na hivyo kuhakikisha mapafu yanapanuka na kusinyaa na kifua.
- c) Njia ambayo hewa (oksijeni) husogea kutoka kwenye miundo ndani ya mapafu (iliyofunikwa na L) hadi kwenye kapilari za damu ni usambazaji (diffusion).
15.
- a) Majina ya miundo iliyoandikwa herufi ni:
- R: Mrija wa Eustachian (Eustachian tube)
- T: Kogole (Cochlea)
- b) Jinsi miundo Q na S imebadilishwa kulingana na kazi zake:
- Q (Ossicles - mifupa midogo ya sikio):
- Ni midogo na myepesi, hivyo huruhusu kutetemeka kwa urahisi na kusambaza sauti kwa ufanisi.
- Hufanya kazi kama mfumo wa lever unaoongeza nguvu ya mitetemo kutoka kwenye ngoma ya sikio hadi kwenye dirisha la mviringo.
- S (Semicircular canals - nusu-mirija):
- Zimejaa majimaji (endolymph) ambayo husogea na harakati za kichwa.
- Zina seli za nywele (hair cells) zinazogundua harakati za majimaji, zikituma ishara kuhusu mzunguko wa kichwa kwenye ubongo.
- Zimepangwa katika nyanja tatu tofauti (kwa pembe za kulia) ili kugundua harakati za mzunguko katika pande zote.
- Q (Ossicles - mifupa midogo ya sikio):
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