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Consider the energy flow shown in the food chain below. Seaweed → Limpets → Starfish → Seagull 97 000kJ 7000kJ 600kJ 50kJ Calculate the percentage of energy that is passed on from the limpets to the starfish. Show ALL working.

Biology

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Answer

c

8.57%\text{}8.57\%

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Here are the answers to your questions about the food web:

2.1.1 A food web is a network of interconnected food chains that shows the feeding relationships between different organisms in an ecosystem.

2.1.2 Seaweed is regarded as a producer because it performs photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (food) for other organisms.

2.1.3

Part a

Secondary consumer: Octopus (also Crab, Starfish)

Part b

Herbivore: Periwinkles (also Limpets)

Part c

8.57%\text{}8.57\%

Secondary carnivore: Seal (also Seagull)

2.1.4 Two decomposers normally present in any ecosystem are bacteria and fungi.

2.1.5 A food chain with four trophic levels including periwinkles:

  • Seaweed → Periwinkles → Octopus → Seal

2.1.6 If all the periwinkles died in the food chain Seaweed → Periwinkles → Octopus → Seal:

  • The seaweed population would likely increase due to a lack of consumers.
  • The octopus population would decrease significantly or die out due to their primary food source being eliminated.
  • The seal population would also decrease due to the reduction in their food source (octopus).

2.1.7 To calculate the percentage of energy passed from limpets to starfish:

  1. Identify the energy values.

    Energy from Limpets = 7000 kJ7000 \text{ kJ}
    Energy to Starfish = 600 kJ600 \text{ kJ}

  2. Calculate the percentage of energy transferred.

    Percentage energy transferred=(Energy to StarfishEnergy from Limpets)×100%\text{Percentage energy transferred} = \left( \frac{\text{Energy to Starfish}}{\text{Energy from Limpets}} \right) \times 100\% Percentage energy transferred=(600 kJ7000 kJ)×100%\text{Percentage energy transferred} = \left( \frac{600 \text{ kJ}}{7000 \text{ kJ}} \right) \times 100\% Percentage energy transferred=0.085714...×100%\text{Percentage energy transferred} = 0.085714... \times 100\% Percentage energy transferred=8.57%\text{Percentage energy transferred} = \boxed{\text{}8.57\%}
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