What are the normal ranges and causes of abnormalities for PCV, ESR, RBC, WBC, and clotting time?

Here is the information from your document:

BMI Classifications

• Overweight: $25.0 - 29.9 \text{ kg/m}^2$
• Obese: $\ge 30.0 \text{ kg/m}^2$

Distinction Summary Table for Quick Revision

• PCV (Packed Cell Volume)

  • Male Range: $40\% - 54\%$
  • Female Range: $36\% - 47\%$
  • Key Abnormal Cause: Decreased in Anemia, Increased in Dehydration.

• ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

  • Male Range: $0 - 15 \text{ mm/hr}$
  • Female Range: $0 - 20 \text{ mm/hr}$
  • Key Abnormal Cause: Increased in Inflammation/Malignancy.

• RBC Count (Red Blood Cell Count)

  • Male Range: $4.5 - 6.0 \text{ million/mm}^3$
  • Female Range: $4.0 - 5.5 \text{ million/mm}^3$
  • Key Abnormal Cause: Decreased in Blood loss.

• WBC Count (White Blood Cell Count)

  • Male Range: $4,000 - 11,000 \text{ cells/mm}^3$
  • Female Range: $4,000 - 11,000 \text{ cells/mm}^3$
  • Key Abnormal Cause: Increased in Acute Infection.

• Clotting Time

  • Male Range: $3 - 8 \text{ mins}$
  • Female Range: $3 - 8 \text{ mins}$
  • Key Abnormal Cause: Increased in Clotting factor deficiency.

Pro-Tips for your Distinction

1. Pregnancy: Note that ESR increases and PCV/RBC decreases (due to plasma volume expansion) in pregnancy. This is a common "trick" question.
2. Age: ESR limits actually increase as we get older. A common formula for the upper limit of normal ESR is:
   • For males: $\frac{\text{Age (years)}}{2}$
   • For females: $\frac{\text{Age (years)} + 10}{2}$