Give two reasons each for the answers in 5(c). State two ways by which honeybee is of economic importance to humans. Make a diagram, 6 cm to 8 cm long of the dorsal view of a butterfly and label only the parts used for: movement in air; collection of nectar.

d) (i) For Spirogyra (Conjugation):

• It introduces genetic variation, which can improve the species' adaptability to changing environments.
• It allows for the formation of resistant zygospores, enabling survival during unfavorable conditions.

(ii) For Orange (Grafting):

• It ensures that the new plant has the exact desirable characteristics (e.g., fruit quality, disease resistance) of the parent plant.
• It allows for faster maturity and fruiting compared to growing from seeds.

(iii) For Rhizopus (Spore formation):

• Spores are lightweight and can be dispersed over long distances by wind, facilitating wide colonization.
• Spores have thick walls that protect them from harsh environmental conditions like drought or extreme temperatures, aiding survival.

e) Two ways by which honeybee is of economic importance to humans are:

• Pollination: Honeybees pollinate a vast number of agricultural crops, increasing fruit and seed production, which is vital for food security and agricultural economy.
• Production of honey and beeswax: Honey is a valuable food product, and beeswax is used in various industries, including cosmetics, candles, and pharmaceuticals.

f) A diagram of the dorsal view of a butterfly, 6 cm to 8 cm long, would show:

• The wings (forewings and hindwings) as the primary structures for movement in air. These would be prominently displayed on either side of the body.
• The proboscis (a long, coiled tube-like mouthpart) located on the head, used for collecting nectar from flowers.