Ways of preventing or reducing mother to child transmission of HIV include I.Given Anti retroviral therapy to children II.Encouraging AIDS mothers to breastfeed III.Promoting safer sex IV.Providing information on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections

Here are the answers to questions 184 and 185:

184. Ways of preventing or reducing mother to child transmission of HIV include
Let's evaluate each statement:

• I. Given Anti retroviral therapy to children: Administering antiretroviral therapy (ART) to newborns of HIV-positive mothers is a crucial intervention to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).
• II. Encouraging AIDS mothers to breastfeed: Breastfeeding is a known route of HIV transmission. HIV-positive mothers are generally advised against breastfeeding if safe alternatives are available, to reduce the risk of MTCT. Therefore, this statement is incorrect for preventing MTCT.
• III. Promoting safer sex: Promoting safer sex practices helps prevent new HIV infections in women, thereby reducing the number of HIV-positive mothers and consequently preventing MTCT.
• IV. Providing information on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: Education and awareness about HIV and STIs are fundamental for prevention, including preventing transmission to mothers and subsequently to their children.

Based on this analysis, statements I, III, and IV are correct ways to prevent or reduce MTCT of HIV.

• The correct option is b. I, III and IV.

185. The term given when a baby brings out small amount of fee from its mouth after feeding is:

• Posseting refers to the effortless spitting up of small amounts of milk or formula by a baby, often mixed with saliva, typically after feeding. This is a common and usually harmless occurrence in infants.

• The correct option is b. Posseting.