Modes of HIV transmission
Biology
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HIV is transmitted through specific bodily fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Transmission occurs when these fluids enter the bloodstream of an HIV-negative person.
The primary modes of transmission are:
- Sexual Contact: This is the most common mode. It includes vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Anal sex carries the highest risk due to the delicate lining of the rectum.
- Sharing Needles or Syringes: This includes injecting drug use, as well as accidental needle sticks in healthcare settings.
- Mother-to-Child Transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
HIV is NOT transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, kissing, sharing utensils, or using the same toilet.
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