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You are John's friend and you have been told about this situation. Make up a story with clear illustrations to help John to transport the rightful child to donate blood so that he can save the transport and the life of the child. Give reasons for your choice of child, ignoring other children.

Biology

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  1. Understand the ABO blood group system.

    The ABO blood group system is based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and A and B antibodies in the plasma.

    • Antigens determine the blood type.
    • Antibodies react against foreign antigens.
    • A person can safely receive blood if their plasma does not contain antibodies that will react against the antigens on the donor's red blood cells.

  2. Determine safe transfusions for each blood type based on the presence of antigens and antibodies.

    • Blood Group A:

      • Antigens on RBCs: A
      • Antibodies in blood: B
      • Can receive from: Donors with no B antigens. This means Blood Group A (has A antigens, no B) and Blood Group O (has no A or B antigens).
      • Given in table: A, O

    • Blood Group B:

      • Antigens on RBCs: B
      • Antibodies in blood: A
      • Can receive from: Donors with no A antigens. This means Blood Group B (has B antigens, no A) and Blood Group O (has no A or B antigens).
      • To be filled: B, O

    • Blood Group AB:

      • Antigens on RBCs: A, B
      • Antibodies in blood: None
      • Can receive from: Donors with any antigens, as there are no antibodies to react. This means Blood Group A, B, AB, and O. This is the universal recipient.
      • To be filled: A, B, AB, O

    • Blood Group O:

      • Antigens on RBCs: None
      • Antibodies in blood: A, B
      • Can receive from: Donors with no A or B antigens. This means only Blood Group O.
      • To be filled: O

  3. Complete the table with the determined safe transfusions.

    Here is the completed table:

    Blood typeAntigen on rbcsAntibodies in bloodSafe transfusions fromAABA, OBBAB, OABA, BNoneA, B, AB, OONoneA, BO\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text{Blood type} & \text{Antigen on rbcs} & \text{Antibodies in blood} & \text{Safe transfusions from} \\ \hline \text{A} & \text{A} & \text{B} & \text{A, O} \\ \text{B} & \text{B} & \text{A} & \textbf{B, O} \\ \text{AB} & \text{A, B} & \text{None} & \textbf{A, B, AB, O} \\ \text{O} & \text{None} & \text{A, B} & \textbf{O} \\ \hline \end{array}

    4 zimekamilika, imebaki 1 leo. Endelea!

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