The patient presents with classic symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis: persistent cough, low-grade fever, weight loss, night sweats, and haemoptysis. Risk factors include living in a poorly ventilated,

The patient presents with classic symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis: persistent cough, low-grade fever, weight loss, night sweats, and haemoptysis. Risk factors include living in a poorly ventilated, overcrowded area and a family history of similar illness. Examination reveals cachexia and bilateral crepitations. Crucially, investigations show fibrocavitary lesions in the upper lung lobes on Chest X-ray and the detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum smear microscopy.

The presence of acid-fast bacilli in sputum, along with the characteristic clinical picture and radiological findings, confirms the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The causative organism for tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The most likely diagnosis is Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
The causative organism is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.