State three work ethics expected of employees, indicate three negative effects of high population growth on the nation Ghana, and explain the term work.

Here are the answers to the questions from Section B and Section C: SECTION B 7. State three work ethics expected of employees (3 marks) a) Punctuality and attendance: Employees are expected to arrive on time and be present for work as scheduled. b) Honesty and integrity: Employees should be truthful, trustworthy, and uphold moral principles in all work-related activities. c) Diligence and commitment: Employees are expected to be hardworking, dedicated, and committed to performing their duties effectively and efficiently. 8. Indicate three negative effects of high population growth on the nation Ghana (3 marks) a) Increased unemployment: A rapidly growing population can outpace job creation, leading to higher rates of unemployment, especially among the youth. b) Strain on social services: High population growth puts immense pressure on public services such as education, healthcare, housing, and sanitation, often leading to overcrowding and reduced quality. c) Environmental degradation: More people require more resources (land, water, energy) and generate more waste, leading to deforestation, pollution, and depletion of natural resources. 9. Explain the term work (3 marks) Work refers to any purposeful activity, whether physical or mental, undertaken by individuals to achieve a specific goal or outcome. It often involves effort, skill, and time, and can be performed for remuneration (paid employment) or for non-monetary benefits (e.g., volunteer work, household chores). In an economic context, work contributes to the production of goods and services. 10. Identify three characteristics of land as a factor of production (3 marks) a) It is fixed in supply: The total quantity of land available on Earth is finite and cannot be increased or decreased by human effort. b) It is geographically immobile: Land cannot be moved from one location to another; its physical location is permanent. c) It is a gift of nature: Land is a natural resource, not produced by human labor, and its existence precedes human activity. SECTION C 1. Discuss five causes of rapid population growth in Ghana. Five causes of rapid population growth in Ghana are: High Birth Rates (Fertility Rates): Ghana experiences high birth rates due to various socio-cultural factors. These include traditional beliefs favoring large families, early marriages, and a lack of widespread access to and utilization of family planning methods. Declining Death Rates: Significant improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and access to clean water have led to a substantial reduction in mortality rates, particularly infant and child mortality. This means more people are surviving to reproductive age and living longer. Increased Life Expectancy: Advances in medical science, disease control, and better nutrition have contributed to an increase in the average lifespan of Ghanaians. While not directly increasing births, it means the population lives longer, contributing to overall growth. Low Levels of Education (especially for women): Lower educational attainment, particularly among women in rural areas, is often correlated with higher fertility rates. Education empowers women with knowledge about family planning and often leads to delayed marriages and smaller family sizes. Cultural and Religious Beliefs: In many Ghanaian communities, cultural norms and certain religious beliefs encourage larger families, viewing children as blessings or a source of labor and security in old age. These beliefs can override efforts to promote smaller family sizes. 2. Examine five ways in which primary production contributes to development in Ghana. Primary production (agriculture, mining, forestry, fishing) contributes to development in Ghana in five key ways: Provision of Raw Materials for Industries: Primary production supplies essential raw materials to the manufacturing sector. For example, cocoa beans for chocolate factories, timber for furniture, and minerals for processing industries, which fosters industrial growth and value addition. Generation of Foreign Exchange Earnings: Exporting primary products like cocoa, gold, timber, and crude oil generates significant foreign exchange. These earnings are crucial for financing imports, servicing national debt, and funding development projects. Creation of Employment Opportunities: The primary sector is a major employer, particularly in rural areas. Agriculture, fishing, and mining provide livelihoods for a large portion of the population, reducing unemployment and poverty. Ensuring Food Security: Agricultural production directly contributes to food security by providing staple foods like maize, cassava, and plantain for the domestic market. This reduces reliance on food imports and ensures a stable food supply for the population. Contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The primary sector forms a substantial part of Ghana's GDP. Its output directly contributes to the national income, indicating economic activity and providing the financial base for government revenue through taxes, which can then be invested in infrastructure and social services. 3. Discuss five factors that influence rural-urban migration in Ghana. Five factors that influence rural-urban migration in Ghana include both push and pull factors: Limited Employment Opportunities in Rural Areas (Push Factor): Rural areas often have limited job prospects, primarily in subsistence agriculture, which can be seasonal and offer low incomes. This lack of diverse and well-paying jobs pushes people, especially the youth, to seek better economic opportunities in cities. Better Employment Opportunities in Urban Areas (Pull Factor): Cities offer a wider range of jobs in the formal and informal sectors, including manufacturing, services, and commerce. The perception and reality of higher wages and more stable employment act as a strong magnet for rural dwellers. Poor Social Amenities and Services in Rural Areas (Push Factor): Rural regions often lack adequate access to essential services such as quality education, advanced healthcare facilities, reliable electricity, and piped water. The absence of these basic amenities pushes people towards urban centers where they are more readily available. Improved Social Amenities and Services in Urban Areas (Pull Factor): Urban areas boast superior infrastructure and social services, including better schools, hospitals, recreational facilities, and entertainment options. The desire for a higher quality of life and access to these amenities attracts migrants. Perceived Higher Standard of Living and Modernity (Pull Factor): Cities are often seen as centers of modernity, offering a more sophisticated lifestyle, greater social freedom, and diverse consumer goods. This perception, often amplified by media, influences individuals to migrate in search of an improved and more exciting way of life. 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.