A reading for it

Chemistry

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Answers

3 parts
1
10.95
2
10.87
3
11.05

Step-by-step solution

13 steps

Part 1· 3 steps

a) What is the pH of this solution?

  1. Calculate pKb for \ceNH3\ce{NH3}

    The base dissociation constant for ammonia (\ceNH3\ce{NH3}) is Kb=1.8×10−5\text{Kb} = 1.8 \times 10^{-5}.

    pKb=−log⁡(Kb)\text{pKb} = -\log(\text{Kb}) pKb=−log⁡(1.8×10−5)=4.7447\text{pKb} = -\log(1.8 \times 10^{-5}) = 4.7447
  2. Apply the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a base buffer

    The solution contains a weak base (\ceNH3\ce{NH3}) and its conjugate acid (\ceNH4+\ce{NH4+} from \ceNH4Cl\ce{NH4Cl}).
    Given concentrations:
    [\ceNH3]=5.00 M[\ce{NH3}] = 5.00 \text{ M}
    [\ceNH4+]=0.100 M[\ce{NH4+}] = 0.100 \text{ M}

    pOH=pKb+log⁡([conjugate acid][weak base])\text{pOH} = \text{pKb} + \log \left( \frac{[\text{conjugate acid}]}{[\text{weak base}]} \right) pOH=4.7447+log⁡(0.100 M5.00 M)\text{pOH} = 4.7447 + \log \left( \frac{0.100 \text{ M}}{5.00 \text{ M}} \right) pOH=4.7447+log⁡(0.0200)\text{pOH} = 4.7447 + \log(0.0200) pOH=4.7447−1.6989=3.0458\text{pOH} = 4.7447 - 1.6989 = 3.0458
  3. Calculate pH

    pH=14−pOH\text{pH} = 14 - \text{pOH} pH=14−3.0458=10.9542\text{pH} = 14 - 3.0458 = 10.9542

    Rounding to two decimal places (consistent with log values often used in pH calculations, or 2 significant figures after the decimal point based on the pKb value):

    pH=10.95\text{pH} = 10.95

    The pH of the solution is 10.95\boxed{10.95}.


Part 210.87

b) What is the pH of the solution after 0.020 mol of \ceHCl\ce{HCl} has been added?

  1. Calculate initial moles of buffer components

    The volume of the solution is 1.00 L.
    Initial moles of \ceNH3=5.00 M×1.00 L=5.00 mol\ce{NH3} = 5.00 \text{ M} \times 1.00 \text{ L} = 5.00 \text{ mol}
    Initial moles of \ceNH4+=0.100 M×1.00 L=0.100 mol\ce{NH4+} = 0.100 \text{ M} \times 1.00 \text{ L} = 0.100 \text{ mol}

  2. Determine moles after adding \ceHCl\ce{HCl}

    Adding \ceHCl\ce{HCl} (a strong acid) will react with the weak base (\ceNH3\ce{NH3}).

    \ceNH3(aq)+HCl(aq)−>NH4+(aq)+Cl−(aq)\ce{NH3 (aq) + HCl (aq) -> NH4+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)}

    Moles of \ceHCl\ce{HCl} added = 0.020 mol0.020 \text{ mol}
    Since \ceHCl\ce{HCl} is the limiting reactant, it will consume 0.020 mol0.020 \text{ mol} of \ceNH3\ce{NH3} and produce 0.020 mol0.020 \text{ mol} of \ceNH4+\ce{NH4+}.
    New moles of \ceNH3=5.00 mol−0.020 mol=4.98 mol\ce{NH3} = 5.00 \text{ mol} - 0.020 \text{ mol} = 4.98 \text{ mol}
    New moles of \ceNH4+=0.100 mol+0.020 mol=0.120 mol\ce{NH4+} = 0.100 \text{ mol} + 0.020 \text{ mol} = 0.120 \text{ mol}

  3. Calculate new concentrations

    Since the volume remains 1.00 L:
    New [\ceNH3]=4.98 M[\ce{NH3}] = 4.98 \text{ M}
    New [\ceNH4+]=0.120 M[\ce{NH4+}] = 0.120 \text{ M}

  4. Apply the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

    Using pKb=4.7447\text{pKb} = 4.7447 from part a):

    pOH=pKb+log⁡([conjugate acid][weak base])\text{pOH} = \text{pKb} + \log \left( \frac{[\text{conjugate acid}]}{[\text{weak base}]} \right) pOH=4.7447+log⁡(0.120 M4.98 M)\text{pOH} = 4.7447 + \log \left( \frac{0.120 \text{ M}}{4.98 \text{ M}} \right) pOH=4.7447+log⁡(0.024096)\text{pOH} = 4.7447 + \log(0.024096) pOH=4.7447−1.6180=3.1267\text{pOH} = 4.7447 - 1.6180 = 3.1267
  5. Calculate pH

    pH=14−pOH\text{pH} = 14 - \text{pOH} pH=14−3.1267=10.8733\text{pH} = 14 - 3.1267 = 10.8733

    Rounding to two decimal places:

    pH=10.87\text{pH} = 10.87

    The pH of the solution after adding \ceHCl\ce{HCl} is 10.87\boxed{10.87}.


Part 311.05

c) What is the pH of the solution after 0.020 mol of \ceNaOH\ce{NaOH} has been added?

  1. Calculate initial moles of buffer components

    Initial moles of \ceNH3=5.00 mol\ce{NH3} = 5.00 \text{ mol} (from part a)
    Initial moles of \ceNH4+=0.100 mol\ce{NH4+} = 0.100 \text{ mol} (from part a)

  2. Determine moles after adding \ceNaOH\ce{NaOH}

    Adding \ceNaOH\ce{NaOH} (a strong base) will react with the conjugate acid (\ceNH4+\ce{NH4+}).

    \ceNH4+(aq)+NaOH(aq)−>NH3(aq)+H2O(l)+Na+(aq)\ce{NH4+ (aq) + NaOH (aq) -> NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) + Na+ (aq)}

    Moles of \ceNaOH\ce{NaOH} added = 0.020 mol0.020 \text{ mol}
    Since \ceNaOH\ce{NaOH} is the limiting reactant, it will consume 0.020 mol0.020 \text{ mol} of \ceNH4+\ce{NH4+} and produce 0.020 mol0.020 \text{ mol} of \ceNH3\ce{NH3}.
    New moles of \ceNH4+=0.100 mol−0.020 mol=0.080 mol\ce{NH4+} = 0.100 \text{ mol} - 0.020 \text{ mol} = 0.080 \text{ mol}
    New moles of \ceNH3=5.00 mol+0.020 mol=5.02 mol\ce{NH3} = 5.00 \text{ mol} + 0.020 \text{ mol} = 5.02 \text{ mol}

  3. Calculate new concentrations

    Since the volume remains 1.00 L:
    New [\ceNH4+]=0.080 M[\ce{NH4+}] = 0.080 \text{ M}
    New [\ceNH3]=5.02 M[\ce{NH3}] = 5.02 \text{ M}

  4. Apply the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

    Using pKb=4.7447\text{pKb} = 4.7447 from part a):

    pOH=pKb+log⁡([conjugate acid][weak base])\text{pOH} = \text{pKb} + \log \left( \frac{[\text{conjugate acid}]}{[\text{weak base}]} \right) pOH=4.7447+log⁡(0.080 M5.02 M)\text{pOH} = 4.7447 + \log \left( \frac{0.080 \text{ M}}{5.02 \text{ M}} \right) pOH=4.7447+log⁡(0.015936)\text{pOH} = 4.7447 + \log(0.015936) pOH=4.7447−1.7977=2.9470\text{pOH} = 4.7447 - 1.7977 = 2.9470
  5. Calculate pH

    pH=14−pOH\text{pH} = 14 - \text{pOH} pH=14−2.9470=11.0530\text{pH} = 14 - 2.9470 = 11.0530

    Rounding to two decimal places:

    pH=11.05\text{pH} = 11.05

    The pH of the solution after adding \ceNaOH\ce{NaOH} is 11.05\boxed{11.05}.

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