Complete the following reactions, showing the major products and reaction names:

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Here are the completed equations and the names of the major products: c) Step 1: The alkene undergoes syn dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide (OsO₄) and pyridine. Step 2: The osmate ester is then cleaved by NaHSO₃/H₂O to yield a cis-diol. CH₃CH=CHCH₃ 1. OsO₄, Pyridine Osmate ester intermediate 2. NaHSO₃/H₂O CH₃CH(OH)CH(OH)CH₃ Product name: Butane-2,3-diol d) Step 1: The alkene undergoes ozonolysis, cleaving the double bond. Step 2: Reductive workup with zinc and acetic acid converts the intermediate ozonide into carbonyl compounds. Since the alkene is tetrasubstituted, two molecules of ketone are formed. (CH₃)₂C=C(CH₃)₂ 1. O₃, CH₂Cl₂ Ozonide intermediate 2. Zn, CH₃COOH, H₂O 2 CH₃COCH₃ Product name: Acetone (Propan-2-one) e) Step 1: The 1,2-diol undergoes oxidative cleavage with periodic acid (HIO₄). Step 2: This reaction breaks the carbon-carbon bond between the two hydroxyl-bearing carbons, opening the ring and forming a dicarbonyl compound. 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diol HIO₄, H₂O, THF CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COCH₃ Product name: Octane-2,7-dione f) Step 1: Cyclohexene reacts with diiodomethane (CH₂I₂) in the presence of a zinc-copper couple (Zn(Cu)) in ether. Step 2: This is a Simmons-Smith reaction, which adds a methylene group across the double bond to form a cyclopropane ring. Cyclohexene + CH₂I₂ Zn(Cu), Ether Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Product name: Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane g) Step 1: The alkene undergoes hydroboration with diborane (B₂H₆) in THF. This adds boron to the less substituted carbon. Step 2: Subsequent oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) replaces the boron with a hydroxyl group, resulting in an anti-Markovnikov addition of water. 2-methylpent-2-ene 1. B₂H₆, THF Organoborane intermediate 2. H₂O₂, NaOH CH₃CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)HCH₂OH Product name: 2-methylpentan-1-ol h) Step 1: 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene reacts with but-2-ene in a Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Step 2: This [4+2] cycloaddition forms a six-membered ring with a new double bond. 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene + CH₃CH=CHCH₃ 1,2,4,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene Product name: 1,2,4,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene i) Step 1: Acetone reacts with a phosphonium ylide, which is generated in situ from triphenylphosphine (P(Ph)₃) and methyl bromide (CH₃Br). Step 2: This is a Wittig reaction, which converts a ketone into an alkene by replacing the carbonyl oxygen with the alkylidene group from the ylide. CH₃COCH₃ P(Ph)₃, CH₃Br CH₂=C(CH₃)₂ Product name: 2-methylpropene j) Step 1: Acetophenone reacts with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅). Step 2: This reaction replaces the carbonyl oxygen with two chlorine atoms, forming a geminal dichloride. Acetophenone PCl₅ C₆H₅CCl₂CH₃ Product name: 1,1-dichloro-1-phenylethane

Complete the following reactions, showing the major products and reaction names:

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Step-by-step solution

Part c· 2 steps

The alkene undergoes syn dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide ( $\text{OsO}_4$ ) and pyridine.

The osmate ester is then cleaved by $\text{NaHSO}_3/\text{H}_2\text{O}$ to yield a cis-diol.

Part d· 2 steps
$2 \text{ CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$

The alkene undergoes ozonolysis, cleaving the double bond.

Reductive workup with zinc and acetic acid converts the intermediate ozonide into carbonyl compounds.

Part e· 2 steps
$\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COCH}_3$

The 1,2-diol undergoes oxidative cleavage with periodic acid ( $\text{HIO}_4$ ).

This reaction breaks the carbon-carbon bond between the two hydroxyl-bearing carbons, opening the ring and forming a dicarbonyl compound.

Part f· 2 steps
$\text{Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane}$

Cyclohexene reacts with diiodomethane ( $\text{CH}_2\text{I}_2$ ) in the presence of a zinc-copper couple ( $\text{Zn(Cu)}$ ) in ether.

This is a Simmons-Smith reaction, which adds a methylene group across the double bond to form a cyclopropane ring.

Part g· 2 steps
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{C(CH}_3\text{)HCH}_2\text{OH}$

The alkene undergoes hydroboration with diborane ( $\text{B}_2\text{H}_6$ ) in THF.

Subsequent oxidation with hydrogen peroxide ( $\text{H}_2\text{O}_2$ ) and sodium hydroxide ( $\text{NaOH}$ ) replaces the boron with a hydroxyl group, resulting in an anti-Markovnikov addition of water.

Part h· 2 steps
$\text{1,2,4,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene}$

2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene reacts with but-2-ene in a Diels-Alder cycloaddition.

This [4+2] cycloaddition forms a six-membered ring with a new double bond.

Part h(i)· 4 steps
$\text{CH}_2=\text{C(CH}_3\text{)}_2$

Acetone reacts with a phosphonium ylide, which is generated in situ from triphenylphosphine ( $\text{P(Ph)}_3$ ) and methyl bromide ( $\text{CH}_3\text{Br}$ ).

This is a Wittig reaction, which converts a ketone into an alkene by replacing the carbonyl oxygen with the alkylidene group from the ylide.

Acetophenone reacts with phosphorus pentachloride ( $\text{PCl}_5$ ).

This reaction replaces the carbonyl oxygen with two chlorine atoms, forming a geminal dichloride.

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Complete the following reactions, showing the major products and reaction names:

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Step-by-step solution

Part c· 2 steps

The alkene undergoes syn dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide (OsO4\text{OsO}_4OsO4​) and pyridine.

The osmate ester is then cleaved by NaHSO3/H2O\text{NaHSO}_3/\text{H}_2\text{O}NaHSO3​/H2​O to yield a cis-diol.

Part d· 2 steps2 CH3COCH32 \text{ CH}_3\text{COCH}_32 CH3​COCH3​

The alkene undergoes ozonolysis, cleaving the double bond.

Reductive workup with zinc and acetic acid converts the intermediate ozonide into carbonyl compounds.

Part e· 2 stepsCH3COCH2CH2CH2CH2COCH3\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COCH}_3CH3​COCH2​CH2​CH2​CH2​COCH3​

The 1,2-diol undergoes oxidative cleavage with periodic acid (HIO4\text{HIO}_4HIO4​).

This reaction breaks the carbon-carbon bond between the two hydroxyl-bearing carbons, opening the ring and forming a dicarbonyl compound.

Part f· 2 stepsBicyclo[4.1.0]heptane\text{Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane}Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

Cyclohexene reacts with diiodomethane (CH2I2\text{CH}_2\text{I}_2CH2​I2​) in the presence of a zinc-copper couple (Zn(Cu)\text{Zn(Cu)}Zn(Cu)) in ether.

This is a Simmons-Smith reaction, which adds a methylene group across the double bond to form a cyclopropane ring.

Part g· 2 stepsCH3CH2CH2C(CH3)HCH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{C(CH}_3\text{)HCH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​CH2​C(CH3​)HCH2​OH

The alkene undergoes hydroboration with diborane (B2H6\text{B}_2\text{H}_6B2​H6​) in THF.

Subsequent oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2\text{H}_2\text{O}_2H2​O2​) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH\text{NaOH}NaOH) replaces the boron with a hydroxyl group, resulting in an anti-Markovnikov addition of water.

Part h· 2 steps1,2,4,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene\text{1,2,4,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene}1,2,4,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene

2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene reacts with but-2-ene in a Diels-Alder cycloaddition.

This [4+2] cycloaddition forms a six-membered ring with a new double bond.

Part h(i)· 4 stepsCH2=C(CH3)2\text{CH}_2=\text{C(CH}_3\text{)}_2CH2​=C(CH3​)2​

Acetone reacts with a phosphonium ylide, which is generated in situ from triphenylphosphine (P(Ph)3\text{P(Ph)}_3P(Ph)3​) and methyl bromide (CH3Br\text{CH}_3\text{Br}CH3​Br).

This is a Wittig reaction, which converts a ketone into an alkene by replacing the carbonyl oxygen with the alkylidene group from the ylide.

Acetophenone reacts with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5\text{PCl}_5PCl5​).

This reaction replaces the carbonyl oxygen with two chlorine atoms, forming a geminal dichloride.

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The alkene undergoes syn dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide ( $\text{OsO}_4$ ) and pyridine.

The osmate ester is then cleaved by $\text{NaHSO}_3/\text{H}_2\text{O}$ to yield a cis-diol.

Part d· 2 steps
$2 \text{ CH}_3\text{COCH}_3$

Part e· 2 steps
$\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COCH}_3$

The 1,2-diol undergoes oxidative cleavage with periodic acid ( $\text{HIO}_4$ ).

Part f· 2 steps
$\text{Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane}$

Cyclohexene reacts with diiodomethane ( $\text{CH}_2\text{I}_2$ ) in the presence of a zinc-copper couple ( $\text{Zn(Cu)}$ ) in ether.

Part g· 2 steps
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{C(CH}_3\text{)HCH}_2\text{OH}$

The alkene undergoes hydroboration with diborane ( $\text{B}_2\text{H}_6$ ) in THF.

Subsequent oxidation with hydrogen peroxide ( $\text{H}_2\text{O}_2$ ) and sodium hydroxide ( $\text{NaOH}$ ) replaces the boron with a hydroxyl group, resulting in an anti-Markovnikov addition of water.

Part h· 2 steps
$\text{1,2,4,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-ene}$

Part h(i)· 4 steps
$\text{CH}_2=\text{C(CH}_3\text{)}_2$

Acetone reacts with a phosphonium ylide, which is generated in situ from triphenylphosphine ( $\text{P(Ph)}_3$ ) and methyl bromide ( $\text{CH}_3\text{Br}$ ).

Acetophenone reacts with phosphorus pentachloride ( $\text{PCl}_5$ ).