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Calculate the concentration of acid after adding water for each row.

Chemistry

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  1. Calculate the concentration of acid after adding water for each row.

    The initial concentration of sulphuric acid is 2 M2 \text{ M}. The total volume of the solution after adding water is always 50 cm350 \text{ cm}^3. We use the dilution formula M1V1=M2V2M_1V_1 = M_2V_2, where M1=2 MM_1 = 2 \text{ M} and V2=50 cm3V_2 = 50 \text{ cm}^3.

    • For Volume of 2M H₂SO₄ = 30 cm³: M2=M1V1V2=2 M×30 cm350 cm3=6050=1.2 mol dm−3M_2 = \frac{M_1V_1}{V_2} = \frac{2 \text{ M} \times 30 \text{ cm}^3}{50 \text{ cm}^3} = \frac{60}{50} = 1.2 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}
    • For Volume of 2M H₂SO₄ = 20 cm³: M2=M1V1V2=2 M×20 cm350 cm3=4050=0.8 mol dm−3M_2 = \frac{M_1V_1}{V_2} = \frac{2 \text{ M} \times 20 \text{ cm}^3}{50 \text{ cm}^3} = \frac{40}{50} = 0.8 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}
    • For Volume of 2M H₂SO₄ = 10 cm³: M2=M1V1V2=2 M×10 cm350 cm3=2050=0.4 mol dm−3M_2 = \frac{M_1V_1}{V_2} = \frac{2 \text{ M} \times 10 \text{ cm}^3}{50 \text{ cm}^3} = \frac{20}{50} = 0.4 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}
  2. Calculate 1Time×1000\frac{1}{\text{Time}} \times 1000 (s⁻¹) for each row.

    • For Time taken = 10.0 s: 110.0 s×1000=100.0 s−1\frac{1}{10.0 \text{ s}} \times 1000 = 100.0 \text{ s}^{-1}
    • For Time taken = 15.0 s: 115.0 s×1000=66.66...≈66.7 s−1\frac{1}{15.0 \text{ s}} \times 1000 = 66.66... \approx 66.7 \text{ s}^{-1}
    • For Time taken = 25.0 s: 125.0 s×1000=40.0 s−1\frac{1}{25.0 \text{ s}} \times 1000 = 40.0 \text{ s}^{-1}
  3. Complete the table with the calculated values.

    The completed table is:

    Volume ofVolume of waterConcentration of acidTime taken1Time×10002M H2SO4added (cm3)after adding water (mol dm−3)(s)(s−1)5002.06.0166.740101.67.5133.330201.210.0100.020300.815.066.710400.425.040.0\boxed{ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text{Volume of} & \text{Volume of water} & \text{Concentration of acid} & \text{Time taken} & \frac{1}{\text{Time}} \times 1000 \\ 2\text{M H}_2\text{SO}_4 & \text{added (cm}^3) & \text{after adding water (mol dm}^{-3}) & \text{(s)} & \text{(s}^{-1}) \\ \hline 50 & 0 & 2.0 & 6.0 & 166.7 \\ 40 & 10 & 1.6 & 7.5 & 133.3 \\ 30 & 20 & \textbf{1.2} & 10.0 & \textbf{100.0} \\ 20 & 30 & \textbf{0.8} & 15.0 & \textbf{66.7} \\ 10 & 40 & \textbf{0.4} & 25.0 & \textbf{40.0} \\ \hline \end{array} }
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