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Calculate the concentration of potassium chloride and silver nitrate solutions based on experimental data.

Chemistry

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Answer

Concentration of KCl=0.0997 mol/dm3\text{Concentration of KCl} = 0.0997 \text{ mol/dm}^3

Concentration of AgNO3=0.0999 mol/dm3\text{Concentration of AgNO}_3 = 0.0999 \text{ mol/dm}^3

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Here are the calculations based on the previous experiment involving the standardization of silver nitrate solution using potassium chloride.

  1. To calculate the concentration of the KCl\text{KCl} solution.
  1. Calculate the moles of KCl\text{KCl}.

    From the previous problem's Table 1, the mass of KCl\text{KCl} used was 1.86 g1.86 \text{ g}.
    The relative molecular mass of KCl\text{KCl} is 74.6 g/mol74.6 \text{ g/mol}.

    Moles of KCl=MassMolar mass=1.86 g74.6 g/mol≈0.024932976 mol\text{Moles of KCl} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}} = \frac{1.86 \text{ g}}{74.6 \text{ g/mol}} \approx 0.024932976 \text{ mol}
  2. Determine the volume of the KCl\text{KCl} solution.

    Assuming the KCl\text{KCl} was dissolved in 250 cm3250 \text{ cm}^3 to prepare the standard solution (a common practice for such preparations).
    Volume of KCl\text{KCl} solution = 250 cm3=0.250 dm3250 \text{ cm}^3 = 0.250 \text{ dm}^3.

  3. Calculate the concentration of KCl\text{KCl}.

    Concentration of KCl=Moles of KClVolume of solution (dm3)\text{Concentration of KCl} = \frac{\text{Moles of KCl}}{\text{Volume of solution (dm}^3)} Concentration of KCl=0.024932976 mol0.250 dm3≈0.0997319 mol/dm3\text{Concentration of KCl} = \frac{0.024932976 \text{ mol}}{0.250 \text{ dm}^3} \approx 0.0997319 \text{ mol/dm}^3

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    Concentration of KCl=0.0997 mol/dm3\boxed{\text{Concentration of KCl} = 0.0997 \text{ mol/dm}^3}
    1. To determine the concentration of the AgNO3\text{AgNO}_3 solution.
  4. Identify the known values and the balanced chemical equation.

    The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between AgNO3\text{AgNO}_3 and KCl\text{KCl} is:

    AgNO3(aq)+KCl(aq)⟶AgCl(s)+KNO3(aq)\text{AgNO}_3\text{(aq)} + \text{KCl(aq)} \longrightarrow \text{AgCl(s)} + \text{KNO}_3\text{(aq)}

    The mole ratio of AgNO3\text{AgNO}_3 to KCl\text{KCl} is 1:11:1. So, nAgNO3=1n_{\text{AgNO}_3} = 1 and nKCl=1n_{\text{KCl}} = 1.

    From the previous problem's context and calculations:
    Concentration of KCl\text{KCl} (MKClM_{\text{KCl}}) = 0.0997319 mol/dm30.0997319 \text{ mol/dm}^3 (unrounded value from Q1)
    Volume of KCl\text{KCl} (VKClV_{\text{KCl}}) = 25 cm325 \text{ cm}^3 (pipetted into the conical flask)
    Mean titre volume of AgNO3\text{AgNO}_3 (VAgNO3V_{\text{AgNO}_3}) = 24.95 cm324.95 \text{ cm}^3 (calculated in the previous step for the last question you sent).

  5. Use the titration formula.

    MAgNO3VAgNO3nAgNO3=MKClVKClnKCl\frac{M_{\text{AgNO}_3} V_{\text{AgNO}_3}}{n_{\text{AgNO}_3}} = \frac{M_{\text{KCl}} V_{\text{KCl}}}{n_{\text{KCl}}}

    Rearranging to solve for MAgNO3M_{\text{AgNO}_3}:

    MAgNO3=MKClVKClnAgNO3VAgNO3nKClM_{\text{AgNO}_3} = \frac{M_{\text{KCl}} V_{\text{KCl}} n_{\text{AgNO}_3}}{V_{\text{AgNO}_3} n_{\text{KCl}}}
  6. Substitute the values and calculate MAgNO3M_{\text{AgNO}_3}.

    MAgNO3=(0.0997319 mol/dm3)×(25 cm3)×1(24.95 cm3)×1M_{\text{AgNO}_3} = \frac{(0.0997319 \text{ mol/dm}^3) \times (25 \text{ cm}^3) \times 1}{(24.95 \text{ cm}^3) \times 1} MAgNO3=2.493297524.95 mol/dm3M_{\text{AgNO}_3} = \frac{2.4932975}{24.95} \text{ mol/dm}^3 MAgNO3≈0.09993176 mol/dm3M_{\text{AgNO}_3} \approx 0.09993176 \text{ mol/dm}^3

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    Concentration of AgNO3=0.0999 mol/dm3\boxed{\text{Concentration of AgNO}_3 = 0.0999 \text{ mol/dm}^3}
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