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Given the following experimental data, determine the reaction orders m and n for the reaction rate = -kf CA^m C_Bⁿ.

Chemistry

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Answer

1

12\frac{1}{2}

Step-by-step solution

2 steps
  1. Find mm using experiments 1 and 2.

    The rate law is rate=−kfCAmCBnrate = -k_f C_A^m C_B^n.
    Using the data from Experiment 1 and Experiment 2:

    Rate2Rate1=−kfCA,2mCB,2n−kfCA,1mCB,1n\frac{Rate_2}{Rate_1} = \frac{-k_f C_{A,2}^m C_{B,2}^n}{-k_f C_{A,1}^m C_{B,1}^n}

    Substitute the values:

    −4.90×10−4 mol/L.s−2.45×10−4 mol/L.s=(2 mol/L)m(1 mol/L)n(1 mol/L)m(1 mol/L)n\frac{-4.90 \times 10^{-4} \text{ mol/L.s}}{-2.45 \times 10^{-4} \text{ mol/L.s}} = \frac{(2 \text{ mol/L})^m (1 \text{ mol/L})^n}{(1 \text{ mol/L})^m (1 \text{ mol/L})^n} 2=(21)m(11)n2 = \left(\frac{2}{1}\right)^m \left(\frac{1}{1}\right)^n 2=2m⋅1n2 = 2^m \cdot 1^n 2=2m2 = 2^m

    Therefore, m=1m = 1.
    The order of reaction with respect to A is 1\boxed{1}.

  2. Find nn using experiments 2 and 3.

    Using the data from Experiment 2 and Experiment 3:

    Rate3Rate2=−kfCA,3mCB,3n−kfCA,2mCB,2n\frac{Rate_3}{Rate_2} = \frac{-k_f C_{A,3}^m C_{B,3}^n}{-k_f C_{A,2}^m C_{B,2}^n}

    Substitute the values and the value of m=1m=1:

    −4.90×10−4 mol/L.s−4.90×10−4 mol/L.s=(1 mol/L)1(4 mol/L)n(2 mol/L)1(1 mol/L)n\frac{-4.90 \times 10^{-4} \text{ mol/L.s}}{-4.90 \times 10^{-4} \text{ mol/L.s}} = \frac{(1 \text{ mol/L})^1 (4 \text{ mol/L})^n}{(2 \text{ mol/L})^1 (1 \text{ mol/L})^n} 1=1⋅4n2⋅11 = \frac{1 \cdot 4^n}{2 \cdot 1} 1=4n21 = \frac{4^n}{2} 2=4n2 = 4^n

    Since 4=224 = 2^2, we can write:

    21=(22)n2^1 = (2^2)^n 21=22n2^1 = 2^{2n}

    Equating the exponents:

    1=2n1 = 2n n=12n = \frac{1}{2}

    The order of reaction with respect to B is 12\boxed{\frac{1}{2}} .

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