This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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You're on a roll — Here are the solutions to the chemistry questions: 1. (i) Name the active part of air. The active part of air is oxygen. (ii) Give its function. Oxygen supports combustion and is essential for respiration in living organisms. 2. Write an equation showing the products formed when carbon reacts with; (a) Excess oxygen. When carbon reacts with excess oxygen, it forms carbon dioxide. C(s) + O_2(g) excess CO_2(g) (b) Limited oxygen supply. When carbon reacts with a limited oxygen supply, it forms carbon monoxide. 2C(s) + O_2(g) limited 2CO(g) 3. (a) Define the following in terms of oxygen: (i) Reduction: Reduction is the removal of oxygen from a substance. (ii) Oxidation: Oxidation is the addition of oxygen to a substance. (b) Carbon reacts with copper (II) oxide in the equation shown below: C(s) + CuO(s) → Cu(s) + CO_2(g) Identify the substance that is: (i) Reduced: CuO (Copper (II) oxide loses oxygen to become copper). (ii) Oxidized: C (Carbon gains oxygen to become carbon dioxide). 4. The diagram below shows part of the periodic table. The letters used do not represent the actual symbols of the element. Study it and the questions that follow; ` A Q Z G B C D E H T X ` (i) Compare the atomic radius of element D and E. Explain. Element D has a larger atomic radius than element E. Atomic radius decreases across a period (from left to right) because the nuclear charge increases, pulling the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. (ii) What name is given to the elements in the group as element H? Elements in the group as element H are called alkali metals (Group 1). (iii) Select the most reactive non-metal. The most reactive non-metal is G. Reactivity of non-metals increases up a group and across a period to the right (excluding noble gases). G is in the top right, representing a halogen like fluorine. (iv) A sample of the chloride of C was dissolved in distilled water. Both red and blue litmus paper were dipped into this solution. State and explain what was observed. Element C is in Group 2. Its chloride, like MgCl_2 or CaCl_2, would form a neutral solution in distilled water. Therefore, neither the red nor the blue litmus paper would change color. (v) How does the atomic radius of B and C compare? Explain. Element B has a smaller atomic radius than element C. Atomic radius increases down a group because there are more electron shells, increasing the distance of the valence electrons from the nucleus and increasing shielding effect. (vi) Which of the elements has the greatest tendency of forming covalent bond? Explain. Element A has the greatest tendency of forming a covalent bond. Covalent bonds are typically formed between non-metals, especially those with high electronegativity and small atomic size, which are found in the upper right portion of the periodic table. A is positioned as the smallest and most electronegative non-metal in this partial table (likely representing hydrogen or helium, but given the context of bonding, it's likely a non-metal like hydrogen or carbon if it were a larger section). If A is in Group 1, it would be hydrogen, which forms covalent bonds. If A is in Group 14, it would be carbon. Given the options, A is the most likely candidate for a non-metal that readily forms covalent bonds. Got more? Send 'em!