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I) The number of moles of acid in the average titre.

Chemistry

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Here are the calculations for Experiment 1, continuing from part (a):

Part b(i)· 2 steps

The number of moles of acid in the average titre.

The concentration of acid A is given as 0.10 mol dm−30.10 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}.
The average volume of acid A (VAV_A) is 7.10 cm37.10 \text{ cm}^3.

  1. Convert the volume to dm3\text{dm}^3.

    VA=7.10 cm3=7.101000 dm3=0.00710 dm3V_A = 7.10 \text{ cm}^3 = \frac{7.10}{1000} \text{ dm}^3 = 0.00710 \text{ dm}^3
  2. Calculate the number of moles of acid A.

    Moles of acid A=Concentration of A×VA\text{Moles of acid A} = \text{Concentration of A} \times V_A Moles of acid A=0.10 mol dm−3×0.00710 dm3=0.000710 mol\text{Moles of acid A} = 0.10 \text{ mol dm}^{-3} \times 0.00710 \text{ dm}^3 = 0.000710 \text{ mol}

    The number of moles of acid in the average titre is 0.000710 mol\boxed{\text{0.000710 mol}}.

Part b(ii)· 4 steps

The number of moles of sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) in the volume of B pipette.

Solution B contains 1.325 g1.325 \text{ g} of anhydrous sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) (Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3) per dm3\text{dm}^3.
The volume of B pipette (VBV_B) is 25 cm325 \text{ cm}^3.
Atomic masses: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23.

  1. Calculate the molar mass of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3.

    Molar mass of Na2CO3=(2×23)+12+(3×16)=46+12+48=106 g/mol\text{Molar mass of Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = (2 \times 23) + 12 + (3 \times 16) = 46 + 12 + 48 = 106 \text{ g/mol}
  2. Calculate the concentration of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 in mol dm−3\text{mol dm}^{-3}.

    Concentration of B=Mass of Na2CO3 per dm3Molar mass of Na2CO3\text{Concentration of B} = \frac{\text{Mass of Na}_2\text{CO}_3 \text{ per dm}^3}{\text{Molar mass of Na}_2\text{CO}_3} Concentration of B=1.325 g/dm3106 g/mol=0.0125 mol dm−3\text{Concentration of B} = \frac{1.325 \text{ g/dm}^3}{106 \text{ g/mol}} = 0.0125 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}
  3. Convert the pipette volume to dm3\text{dm}^3.

    VB=25 cm3=251000 dm3=0.025 dm3V_B = 25 \text{ cm}^3 = \frac{25}{1000} \text{ dm}^3 = 0.025 \text{ dm}^3
  4. Calculate the number of moles of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 in the pipette volume.

    Moles of Na2CO3=Concentration of B×VB\text{Moles of Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = \text{Concentration of B} \times V_B Moles of Na2CO3=0.0125 mol dm−3×0.025 dm3=0.0003125 mol\text{Moles of Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.0125 \text{ mol dm}^{-3} \times 0.025 \text{ dm}^3 = 0.0003125 \text{ mol}

    The number of moles of sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) in the volume of B pipette is 0.0003125 mol\boxed{\text{0.0003125 mol}}.

Part b(iii)· 2 steps

The mole ratio of acid to base in the reaction. Suggest what the acid in (a) could be, giving reasons for your answer.

  1. Determine the mole ratio of acid to base.

    Mole ratio (Acid : Base)=Moles of acid A:Moles of Na2CO3\text{Mole ratio (Acid : Base)} = \text{Moles of acid A} : \text{Moles of Na}_2\text{CO}_3 Mole ratio=0.000710 mol:0.0003125 mol\text{Mole ratio} = 0.000710 \text{ mol} : 0.0003125 \text{ mol}

    To simplify the ratio, divide both sides by the smaller value (0.0003125):

    0.0007100.0003125:0.00031250.0003125\frac{0.000710}{0.0003125} : \frac{0.0003125}{0.0003125} 2.272:12.272 : 1

    This ratio is approximately 2:12:1.

  2. Suggest the acid.

    The base is sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) (Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3).
    A 2:12:1 mole ratio of acid to base suggests that the acid is monoprotic (has one acidic hydrogen) and reacts with the carbonate, which is a diprotic base (can accept two protons).
    The teacher's hint suggests HCl\text{HCl}. Hydrochloric acid (HCl\text{HCl}) is a monoprotic mineral acid.
    The reaction between HCl\text{HCl} and Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 is:

    2HCl(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)2\text{HCl(aq)} + \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3\text{(aq)} \rightarrow 2\text{NaCl(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} + \text{CO}_2\text{(g)}

    This equation shows that 2 moles of HCl\text{HCl} react with 1 mole of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3, which matches our calculated mole ratio of approximately 2:12:1.

    Therefore, the mole ratio of acid to base is approximately 2:1\boxed{2:1}.
    The acid in (a) could be hydrochloric acid (HCl\text{HCl}).
    Reason: The calculated mole ratio of acid to base is approximately 2:12:1, which is consistent with a monoprotic acid like HCl\text{HCl} reacting with a diprotic base like Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3.

Part c

Hence, write the equation for the reaction.

Based on the identification of the acid as HCl\text{HCl} and the base as Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3:

2HCl(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)\boxed{\text{2HCl(aq)} + \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3\text{(aq)} \rightarrow \text{2NaCl(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} + \text{CO}_2\text{(g)}}
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