c) To balance the equation for the formation of Aluminum Phosphate from Aluminum Hydroxide and Phosphoric Acid:

Reactants: Al=1, O=7, H=6, P=1
Products: Al=1, O=5, H=2, P=1

To balance 6 H atoms on the left, we need $3 \times 2 = 6$ H atoms on the right, so we place a coefficient of 3 in front of $\text{H}_2\text{O}$.

Reactants: Al=1, O=3+4=7, H=3+3=6, P=1
Products: Al=1, O=4+(3$\times$1)=7, H=(3$\times$2)=6, P=1
All atoms are balanced.

The balanced equation is:

16. a) The specific branch of Chemistry that deals with identifying the components and purity of a medicine is Analytical Chemistry.

16. b) The systematic nature of Chemistry provides standardized, reproducible methods for analyzing substances. An investigator can use established analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy or chromatography, to determine the exact chemical composition of the suspected medicine. By comparing these results to the known chemical profile and purity standards of genuine Amoxicillin, and finding the presence of chalk or absence of the active ingredient, the chemist can provide objective and verifiable evidence in court that the medicine is counterfeit.

17. a)
Prescription: This is the written order from a healthcare professional for a specific medication, including the drug, its strength, the total quantity to be dispensed, and the instructions for its use.
Dosage: This refers to the specific amount of medicine to be taken at each administration (e.g., 5 ml) and its frequency (e.g., three times a day).
In this error, the prescription would have specified the correct dosage (e.g., 5 ml, three times daily). The patient misinterpreted the dosage instructions on the label ("5ml x 3"), leading them to take a triple amount (15 ml) at once, which is an incorrect dosage per administration.