This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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9. c) State the chemical family to which element Y belongs. Element Y (Potassium) is in Group 1 of the periodic table. Chemical family: Alkali metals 9. d) Predict the type of ion formed by element Y and explain why. Element Y has 1 valence electron. It will lose this electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. Type of ion: Cation (specifically, K⁺) Explanation: Element Y loses its single valence electron to attain a stable octet electron configuration, similar to a noble gas. Losing an electron results in a positive charge. 9. d) State two reasons why noble gases are chemically stable. i) Noble gases have a full outermost electron shell* (a stable octet, or duplet for helium). ii) This stable electron configuration means they do not readily gain, lose, or share electrons, making them unreactive*. 9. e) Give an example of an element under the following category. *i) Alkaline earth metal: Magnesium (Mg) *ii) Halogen: Chlorine (Cl) *iii) Noble gas: Neon (Ne) 10. a) Write the electron arrangement (s and p notation) for the following ions: i) Na⁺ Neutral sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11, so its electron configuration is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1. When it forms Na⁺, it loses one electron from the 3s orbital. Electron arrangement: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 ii) O²⁻ Neutral oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8, so its electron configuration is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4. When it forms O²⁻, it gains two electrons to fill the 2p orbital. Electron arrangement: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 10. b) Using valency or oxidation numbers, write the chemical formula of: i) Magnesium chloride Magnesium (Mg) has a valency of 2 (forms Mg²⁺). Chlorine (Cl) has a valency of 1 (forms Cl⁻). To balance the charges, one Mg²⁺ ion combines with two Cl⁻ ions. Chemical formula: MgCl_2 ii) Aluminium oxide Aluminium (Al) has a valency of 3 (forms Al³⁺). Oxygen (O) has a valency of 2 (forms O²⁻). To balance the charges, two Al³⁺ ions combine with three O²⁻ ions. Chemical formula: Al_2O_3 10. c) Balance the following chemical equation: Fe + O_2 → Fe_2O_3 Step 1: Balance the oxygen atoms. There are 2 oxygen atoms on the left and 3 on the right. The least common multiple is 6. Fe + 3O_2 → 2Fe_2O_3 Step 2: Balance the iron atoms. Now there are 2 × 2 = 4 iron atoms on the right, and 1 on the left. 4Fe + 3O_2 → 2Fe_2O_3 The equation is now balanced. Balanced equation: 4Fe + 3O_2 → 2Fe_2O_3 Last free one today — make it count tomorrow, or type /upgrade for unlimited.