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Understand the relationships for a hydrogen atom.

Chemistry

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Answer

B

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Understand the relationships for a hydrogen atom.

    For a hydrogen atom, the velocity of an electron in an orbit is inversely proportional to the principal quantum number nn, and the radius of the orbit is directly proportional to the square of the principal quantum number nn.

    v∝1nv \propto \frac{1}{n} r∝n2r \propto n^2
  2. Set up the initial and final conditions.

    Let the initial state be n1n_1 and the final state be n2n_2.
    The electron is initially in the ground state, so n1=1n_1 = 1.
    The initial radius is r1=rr_1 = r.
    The initial velocity is v1v_1.
    The final velocity is v2=v12v_2 = \frac{v_1}{2}.
    We need to find the final radius r2r_2.

  3. Use the velocity relationship to find the new principal quantum number.

    From v∝1nv \propto \frac{1}{n}, we have:

    v2v1=n1n2\frac{v_2}{v_1} = \frac{n_1}{n_2}

    Substitute the given values:

    v1/2v1=1n2\frac{v_1/2}{v_1} = \frac{1}{n_2} 12=1n2\frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{n_2} n2=2n_2 = 2

    So, the electron jumps to the second energy level.

  4. Use the radius relationship to find the new radius.

    From r∝n2r \propto n^2, we have:

    r2r1=n22n12\frac{r_2}{r_1} = \frac{n_2^2}{n_1^2}

    Substitute the known values:

    r2r=2212\frac{r_2}{r} = \frac{2^2}{1^2} r2r=41\frac{r_2}{r} = \frac{4}{1} r2=4rr_2 = 4r

    The new radius will be 4r4r.

    The correct option is (b).

    (b) 4r\boxed{\text{(b) } 4r}
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