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Understand the composition of a hydrogen atom and Positronium.

Chemistry

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C

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  1. Understand the composition of a hydrogen atom and Positronium.

    A hydrogen atom consists of a proton (mass mpm_p, charge +e+e) and an electron (mass mem_e, charge −e-e). Its ground state energy is EH=−13.6 eVE_H = -13.6 \text{ eV}.
    Positronium consists of a positron (mass mem_e, charge +e+e) and an electron (mass mem_e, charge −e-e).

  2. Calculate the reduced mass for a hydrogen atom.

    The reduced mass μ\mu for a two-particle system with masses m1m_1 and m2m_2 is given by μ=m1m2m1+m2\mu = \frac{m_1 m_2}{m_1 + m_2}.
    For a hydrogen atom, m1=mpm_1 = m_p and m2=mem_2 = m_e.

    μH=mpmemp+me\mu_H = \frac{m_p m_e}{m_p + m_e}

    Since the mass of a proton (mpm_p) is much greater than the mass of an electron (mem_e), mp+me≈mpm_p + m_e \approx m_p.
    Therefore, μH≈mpmemp=me\mu_H \approx \frac{m_p m_e}{m_p} = m_e.

  3. Calculate the reduced mass for Positronium.

    For Positronium, m1=mem_1 = m_e (positron) and m2=mem_2 = m_e (electron).

    μPs=me⋅meme+me=me22me=me2\mu_{Ps} = \frac{m_e \cdot m_e}{m_e + m_e} = \frac{m_e^2}{2m_e} = \frac{m_e}{2}
  4. Determine the energy of Positronium in its ground state.

    The energy levels of a hydrogen-like atom are directly proportional to the reduced mass of the system.

    E∝μE \propto \mu

    Therefore, the ratio of the ground state energy of Positronium to that of hydrogen is:

    EPsEH=μPsμH\frac{E_{Ps}}{E_H} = \frac{\mu_{Ps}}{\mu_H}

    Using the approximate values for reduced masses:

    EPsEH=me/2me=12\frac{E_{Ps}}{E_H} = \frac{m_e/2}{m_e} = \frac{1}{2}

    So, EPs=12EHE_{Ps} = \frac{1}{2} E_H.
    Given EH=−13.6 eVE_H = -13.6 \text{ eV} for the ground state of hydrogen:

    EPs=12(−13.6 eV)E_{Ps} = \frac{1}{2} (-13.6 \text{ eV}) EPs=−6.8 eVE_{Ps} = -6.8 \text{ eV}

    The more precise calculation using μH=mpmemp+me\mu_H = \frac{m_p m_e}{m_p + m_e} yields:

    EPsEH=me/2mpmemp+me=me2⋅mp+mempme=mp+me2mp\frac{E_{Ps}}{E_H} = \frac{m_e/2}{\frac{m_p m_e}{m_p + m_e}} = \frac{m_e}{2} \cdot \frac{m_p + m_e}{m_p m_e} = \frac{m_p + m_e}{2m_p}

    Since mp≈1836mem_p \approx 1836 m_e:

    EPsEH=1836me+me2×1836me=1837me3672me≈0.50027\frac{E_{Ps}}{E_H} = \frac{1836 m_e + m_e}{2 \times 1836 m_e} = \frac{1837 m_e}{3672 m_e} \approx 0.50027

    This value is very close to 0.5, so the approximation holds well.

    EPs=−13.6 eV×0.50027≈−6.8036 eVE_{Ps} = -13.6 \text{ eV} \times 0.50027 \approx -6.8036 \text{ eV}

    Rounding to one decimal place, this is −6.8 eV-6.8 \text{ eV}.

    The correct option is (c).

    (c) −6.8 eV\boxed{\text{(c) } -6.8 \text{ eV}}
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