This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
ScanSolve AI Answer
10 (a) Step 1: Determine the number of electrons for a neutral Magnesium atom. Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic number (Z) of 12, so a neutral atom has 12 electrons. Step 2: Write the electron configuration by filling orbitals in order. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 The s, p configuration for a neutral Magnesium atom is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2. 10 (b) Step 1: Understand the formation of the Mg^2+ ion. A Mg^2+ ion is formed when a neutral Magnesium atom loses 2 electrons. Electrons are lost from the outermost shell first. Step 2: Identify the outermost sub-shell. The outermost sub-shell in the neutral Magnesium atom (configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2) is the 3s sub-shell. When Magnesium becomes an ion Mg^2+, the 3s sub-shell is emptied. 10 (c) Step 1: Start with the neutral Magnesium configuration and remove 2 electrons. Neutral Mg: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 Removing 2 electrons from the 3s sub-shell results in: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 The resulting configuration of the Mg^2+ ion is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6. 11 (a) Step 1: Determine the charge of the Calcium ion in Ca(ClO)_2. Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2, so it forms a Ca^2+ ion, meaning its valency is +2. Step 2: Determine the valency of the Hypochlorite radical (ClO). Since the compound Ca(ClO)_2 is neutral, the total negative charge must balance the +2 charge from Calcium. There are two ClO radicals, so each ClO radical must have a valency of -1. The valency of the Hypochlorite radical (ClO) is -1. 11 (b) (i) Step 1: Determine the number of electrons for a neutral Chlorine atom. Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number (Z) of 17, so a neutral atom has 17 electrons. Step 2: Write the electron configuration for a neutral Chlorine atom. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5 Step 3: Determine the number of electrons for a Cl^- ion. A Cl^- ion is formed when a neutral Chlorine atom gains 1 electron. So, it has 17 + 1 = 18 electrons. Step 4: Write the electron configuration for the Cl^- ion. The gained electron will fill the 3p sub-shell. 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 The s, p configuration for the Cl^- ion is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6. 11 (b) (ii) Step 1: Identify the reactants and product with their chemical formulas and states. Reactants: Calcium (Ca(s)) and Chlorine gas (Cl_2(g)). Product: Calcium Chloride (CaCl_2(s)). Step 2: Write the unbalanced chemical equation. Ca(s) + Cl_2(g) → CaCl_2(s) Step 3: Balance the equation. The equation is already balanced with one Ca atom and two Cl atoms on both sides. The balanced equation with state symbols is: Ca(s) + Cl_2(g) → CaCl_2(s) Send me the next one 📸