This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the solutions to all the questions: 1. How many grams of Na are present in 30 g of NaOH? Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of NaOH. Molar mass of Na = 22.99 g/mol Molar mass of O = 16.00 g/mol Molar mass of H = 1.01 g/mol Molar mass of NaOH = 22.99 + 16.00 + 1.01 = 40.00 g/mol Step 2: Determine the mass fraction of Na in NaOH. Mass fraction of Na = Molar mass of NaMolar mass of NaOH = 22.99 g/mol40.00 g/mol = 0.57475 Step 3: Calculate the mass of Na in 30 g of NaOH. Mass of Na = 30 g NaOH × 0.57475 = 17.2425 g Rounding to the nearest gram, this is 17 g. The correct answer is C. 17 g. 2. How many liters of H₂ can be produced by the decomposition of 3 moles of NH₃ at STP? Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of NH₃. 2NH_3(g) → N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) Step 2: Use stoichiometry to find the moles of H₂ produced from 3 moles of NH₃. From the equation, 2 moles of NH_3 produce 3 moles of H_2. Moles of H_2 = 3 mol NH_3 × 3 mol H_22 mol NH_3 = 4.5 mol H_2 Step 3: Convert moles of H₂ to liters at STP. At Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L. Volume of H_2 = 4.5 mol × 22.4 L/mol = 100.8 L Rounding to the nearest liter, this is 101 L. The correct answer is D. 101 L. 3. If you collected a sample of 3.50 moles of hydrogen gas, H₂, and heated it in a 10.00 liter container to a temperature of 300K, how much pressure would the H₂ exert on the container? Step 1: Identify the given values. Number of moles (n) = 3.50 mol Volume (V) = 10.00 L Temperature (T) = 300 K Ideal gas constant (R) = 0.0821 L atm mol^-1 K^-1 Step 2: Use the Ideal Gas Law (PV = nRT) to solve for pressure (P). P = (nRT)/(V) Step 3: Substitute the values and calculate P. P = (3.50 mol)(0.0821 L atm mol^-1 K^-1)(300 K)10.00 L P = (86.205)/(10.00) atm P = 8.6205 atm Rounding to three significant figures, P = 8.62 atm. The correct answer is C. 8.62 atm. 4. Molarity is defined as the number of Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution. The correct answer is C. moles of solute per liter of solution. 5. A 22 gram sample of an unknown gas occupies 11.2 liters at standard temperature and pressure. Which of the following could be the identity of the gas? Step 1: Calculate the moles of the gas at STP. At STP, 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L. Moles of gas = VolumeMolar volume at STP = 11.2 L22.4 L/mol = 0.5 mol *Step 2: Calculate the molar