Define organic compounds, name their sources, explain brooding in animal production, define litter in poultry production, and explain non-heritable characteristics.

Question 2(a)(i): Define organic compounds.
Organic compounds are a large class of chemical compounds that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Question 2(a)(ii): Name the three main sources of organic compounds.

1. Living organisms (plants and animals)
2. Fossil fuels (e.g., petroleum, natural gas, coal)
3. Synthetic production (laboratory synthesis)

Question 2(b)(i): Explain brooding as a term in animal production.
Brooding in animal production refers to the care and management of young animals, especially poultry chicks, during their early stages of life, providing them with warmth, food, water, and protection until they can regulate their own body temperature.

Question 2(b)(ii): What is litter as used in poultry production?
Litter in poultry production is the absorbent material, such as wood shavings, straw, or rice hulls, spread on the floor of a poultry house to absorb moisture, cushion birds, and provide insulation.

Question 2(c)(i): What is meant by non-heritable characteristics?
Non-heritable characteristics are traits or features acquired by an individual during its lifetime due to environmental factors or experiences, and these traits cannot be passed on to its offspring.

Question 2(c)(ii): Give three examples of non-heritable characteristics.

1. Scars from injuries.
2. Tattoos.
3. Learned skills (e.g., playing a musical instrument).

Question 2(d)(i): Differentiate between velocity and speed.

• Speed is a scalar quantity that measures how fast an object is moving, defined as the distance traveled per unit time.
• Velocity is a vector quantity that measures both the speed and direction of an object's motion, defined as the displacement per unit time.

Question 2(d)(ii): A body of mass 10kg in motion changes its speed from 50ms⁻¹ to 100ms⁻¹. Calculate the (α) acceleration of the body, (β) force that caused the acceleration.