This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here's the solution to question 24: To calculate the percentage composition, we use the formula: Percentage of element = Total mass of element in compoundMolar mass of compound × 100\% We will use the following atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0, Mg = 24.3, S = 32.1, Cl = 35.5, Ca = 40.1, Co = 58.9, Cu = 63.5. a) Calculate the percentage of each element in the following compounds: i) Calcium carbonate, CaCO_3 Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of CaCO_3. Molar mass of CaCO_3 = 40.1 (Ca) + 12.0 (C) + (3 × 16.0 (O)) = 40.1 + 12.0 + 48.0 = 100.1 g/mol Step 2: Calculate the percentage of each element. Percentage of Ca = (40.1)/(100.1) × 100\% = 40.06\% Percentage of C = (12.0)/(100.1) × 100\% = 11.99\% Percentage of O = (48.0)/(100.1) × 100\% = 47.95\% The percentages are: Ca: 40.06\%, C: 11.99\%, O: 47.95\%. ii) Ethanol, C_2H_5OH (or C_2H_6O) Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of C_2H_6O. Molar mass of C_2H_6O = (2 × 12.0 (C)) + (6 × 1.0 (H)) + 16.0 (O) = 24.0 + 6.0 + 16.0 = 46.0 g/mol Step 2: Calculate the percentage of each element. Percentage of C = (24.0)/(46.0) × 100\% = 52.17\% Percentage of H = (6.0)/(46.0) × 100\% = 13.04\% Percentage of O = (16.0)/(46.0) × 100\% = 34.78\% The percentages are: C: 52.17\%, H: 13.04\%, O: 34.78\%. iii) Hydrated copper sulphate, CuSO_4 · 5H_2O Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of CuSO_4 · 5H_2O. Molar mass of CuSO_4 = 63.5 (Cu) + 32.1 (S) + (4 × 16.0 (O)) = 63.5 + 32.1 + 64.0 = 159.6 g/mol Molar mass of 5H_2O = 5 × ((2 × 1.0 (H)) + 16.0 (O)) = 5 × (2.0 + 16.0) = 5 × 18.0 = 90.0 g/mol Molar mass of CuSO_4 · 5H_2O = 159.6 + 90.0 = 2