Explain the processes of cracking and thermal decomposition, and list four uses of fractions obtained from crude oil.

b)

i) During cracking, long-chain alkanes are converted to shorter chain alkanes and alkenes.

ii) Thermal decomposition is the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances by heating it.

c)

• Refinery gas $\rightarrow$ bottled gas
• Naphtha $\rightarrow$ making chemicals
• Lubricating fraction $\rightarrow$ waxes and polishes
• Kerosene $\rightarrow$ jet fuel