๐ƒ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ž๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐œ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ

Chemistry

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A spontaneous process is a process that occurs without continuous external intervention once initiated. It proceeds on its own under a given set of conditions, moving a system towards a state of greater stability or disorder.

Properties of spontaneous processes:

  • They proceed in a definite direction.
  • They lead to an increase in the total entropy of the universe (ฮ”Suniverse>0\Delta S_{universe} > 0).
  • They are irreversible.
  • They are often exothermic, but can also be endothermic if the increase in entropy is large enough.
  • They are characterized by a negative change in Gibbs free energy (ฮ”G<0\Delta G < 0) at constant temperature and pressure.
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