This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the solutions to the questions: 5. (c) Give the reagents and observations to distinguish the following pairs of compounds: (i) CH_2CH=CH_2 and CH_3C Reagent: Ammoniacal silver nitrate (Tollens' reagent) or Ammoniacal copper(I) chloride. Observation for CH_3C (propyne): With Tollens' reagent, a white precipitate of silver acetylide is formed. With ammoniacal copper(I) chloride, a red precipitate of copper(I) acetylide is formed. Observation for CH_2CH=CH_2 (propene): No observable reaction. (ii) CH_3CHO and CH_3COCH_3 Reagent: Tollens' reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate) or Fehling's/Benedict's solution. Observation for CH_3CHO (ethanal): With Tollens' reagent, a silver mirror is formed. With Fehling's/Benedict's solution, a brick-red precipitate of copper(I) oxide is formed. Observation for CH_3COCH_3 (propanone): No observable reaction. (iii) CH_3CH_2NH_2 and CH_3CONH_2 Reagent: Nitrous acid (prepared from NaNO_2 and dilute HCl at 0-5^). Observation for CH_3CH_2NH_2 (ethylamine): Effervescence (evolution of nitrogen gas) is observed. Observation for CH_3CONH_2 (ethanamide): No effervescence. 6. (a) An organic compound S reacted with ozone (ozonolysis) to give compounds Q and R. Both Q and R react with NaOH/I_2 to produce a yellow precipitate with antiseptic smell. Q reacts with HCN to produce the compound CH_3C(CH_3)OHCN while R gives a silver mirror with Tollens reagent. (i) Write the structural formulae and names of Q, R, S and the yellow precipitate Q: Formula: CH_3COCH_3 Name: Propanone R: Formula: CH_3CHO Name: Ethanal S: Formula: CH_3C(CH_3)=CHCH_3 Name: 2-methylbut-2-ene Yellow precipitate: Formula: CHI_3 Name: Triiodomethane (ii) Write equations to show the reactions of Q with NaOH/I_2 Q is propanone (CH_3COCH_3). The reaction with NaOH/I_2 is the iodoform test. Step 1: Iodination of the methyl group. CH_3COCH_3 + 3I_2 + 3NaOH CI_3COCH_3 + 3NaI + 3H_2O Step 2: Hydrolysis of the triiodomethyl ketone. CI_3COCH_3 + NaOH CH_3COONa + CHI_3 Alternatively, the overall balanced equation is: CH_3COCH_3 + 3I_2 + 4NaOH CH_3COONa + CHI_3(s) + 3NaI + 3H_2O