This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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To answer questions (d) and (e) regarding calcium carbonate, I need the balanced chemical equation for the reaction with hydrochloric acid and the number of moles of hydrochloric acid that reacted. This information is not provided in the current image. Please provide the preceding parts of the question or any relevant data. Here are the solutions for questions 2 and 3: 2. a) State Charles's law. Charles's law states that for a fixed mass of a gas, the volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provided the pressure remains constant. b) A gas occupies 450 \, cm^3 at 27^ C. What volume would the gas occupy at 177^ C? If its pressure remains constant? (Give the answer in Kelvin) Step 1: Convert temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin. T_1 = 27^ C + 273 = 300 \, K T_2 = 177^ C + 273 = 450 \, K Step 2: Apply Charles's Law. Charles's Law states that (V_1)/(T_1) = (V_2)/(T_2) when pressure is constant. 450 \, cm^3300 \, K = (V_2)/(450 \, K) Step 3: Solve for V_2. V_2 = 450 \, cm^3 × 450 \, K300 \, K V_2 = (202500)/(300) \, cm^3 V_2 = 675 \, cm^3 The volume the gas would occupy is 675 cm^3. 3. A gas occupies 4 \, dm^3 at -23^ C and 152 \, mmHg. At what pressure will its volume be halved, if the temperature then is 227^ C? Step 1: List the initial and final conditions and convert temperatures to Kelvin. Initial conditions: V_1 = 4 \, dm^3 T_1 = -23^ C + 273 = 250 \, K P_1 = 152 \, mmHg Final conditions: V_2 = (V_1)/(2) = 4 \, dm^32 = 2 \, dm^3 T_2 = 227^ C + 273 = 500 \, K P_2 = ? Step 2: Apply the Combined Gas Law. The Combined Gas Law states that (P_1 V_1)/(T_1) = (P_2 V_2)/(T_2). 152 \, mmHg × 4 \, dm^3250 \, K = P_2 × 2 \, dm^3500 \, K Step 3: Solve for P_2. P_2 = 152 \, mmHg × 4 \, dm^3 × 500 \, K250 \, K × 2 \, dm^3 P_2 = (152 × 4 × 500)/(250 × 2) \, mmHg P_2 = (152 × 4 × 2)/(2) \, mmHg P_2 = 152 × 4 \, mmHg P_2 = 608 \, mmHg The pressure will be 608 mmHg. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.