10a) The process under study is Osmosis.

Here are the answers to your biology questions:

10a) The process under study is Osmosis.

10b) After 30 minutes, the visking tubing will swell and become turgid, and the volume of the sugar solution inside will increase.

10c) Water molecules move from a region of higher water potential (distilled water) to a region of lower water potential (sugar solution inside the visking tubing) across the partially permeable visking tubing. This net movement of water into the tubing causes it to swell.

15a)

• Animal X: Freshwater/Aquatic environment
• Animal Y: Hot and dry/Desert environment

15b) The main nitrogenous waste produced by animal Y is Uric acid (or Urea).

16a) The support tissue in plants thickened with lignin is Sclerenchyma.

16b) The support tissue in plants thickened with cellulose and pectin is Collenchyma.