State 3 control measures for gaseous wastes in process industries

Here are 3 control measures for gaseous wastes in process industries:

1. Gas Scrubbing and Adsorption: This involves passing the gaseous waste through a liquid (in a scrubber) to absorb pollutants or over a solid material (like activated carbon) to adsorb them, effectively removing harmful components before release.
2. Thermal Oxidation/Incineration: Gaseous wastes, especially those containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or hazardous air pollutants, are burned at high temperatures to convert them into less harmful substances such as carbon dioxide and water vapor.
3. Process Optimization and Material Substitution: Modifying the industrial process itself to reduce the generation of gaseous wastes at the source. This can include optimizing reaction conditions, improving efficiency, or substituting hazardous raw materials with less polluting alternatives.