A RAM has a capacity of 512K x 16. Calculate the number of memory addresses, address lines, data lines, and I/O lines needed.

2) A RAM has a capacity of $512K \times 16$

a) How many memory addresses does this RAM have?
The capacity $512K \times 16$ indicates $512K$ memory locations.
$K$ represents $2^{10}$.
Number of addresses $= 512 \times 2^{10}$
Since $512 = 2^9$,
Number of addresses $= 2^9 \times 2^{10} = 2^{19}$

$$2^{19} = 524288$$

The RAM has 524288 memory addresses.

$$\boxed{524288}$$

b) How many address lines will be needed for this RAM?
The number of address lines ($n$) is such that $2^n$ equals the number of memory addresses.
From part a), the number of addresses is $2^{19}$.
So, $2^n = 2^{19}$.
Therefore, $n = 19$.

$$\boxed{19 \text{ address lines}}$$

c) How many data lines will be needed for this RAM?
The capacity $512K \times 16$ indicates that each memory location stores 16 bits. This means 16 data lines are needed to read or write data to/from the RAM.

$$\boxed{16 \text{ data lines}}$$

d) How many I/O lines will be needed for this RAM?
I/O lines for RAM typically refer to the data lines, as data is input and output through these lines.

$$\boxed{16 \text{ I/O lines}}$$