This computer science problem involves algorithmic thinking and programming concepts. The solution below explains the approach, logic, and implementation step by step.

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QUESTION 1 B. Use of vacuum tubes. First-generation computers (1940s-1950s) were primarily characterized by their use of vacuum tubes for their main electronic components, which made them very large, consumed a lot of power, and generated significant heat.
QUESTION 2 B. Second generation. The second generation of computers (1950s-1960s) saw the replacement of vacuum tubes with transistors, which were smaller, more reliable, faster, and more energy-efficient.
QUESTION 3 B. Integrated circuits. The third generation of computers (1960s-1970s) was defined by the invention and widespread use of integrated circuits (ICs). These chips allowed many transistors and electronic components to be packed onto a single silicon chip, drastically reducing the size and cost of computers while increasing their speed and efficiency.
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This computer science problem involves algorithmic thinking and programming concepts. The solution below explains the approach, logic, and implementation step by step.