This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Q1. The nucleus of an atom is given on the right as a circle. Use this to answer the following questions. I. Complete the table below. Protons: The number of protons (p) is given as 11. Neutrons: The number of neutrons (n) is given as 12. Electrons: In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. So, electrons = 11. Atomic number: The atomic number (Z) is equal to the number of protons. So, atomic number = 11. Atomic mass: The atomic mass (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons. So, atomic mass = 11 + 12 = 23. |c|c|c|c|c| Protons & Neutrons & Electrons & Atomic number & Atomic mass \\ 11 & 12 & 11 & 11 & 23 \\ II. Is it metal or non-metal? Specify and Name this atom. The atom has 11 protons, which identifies it as Sodium (Na). Sodium is an alkali metal, located in Group 1 of the periodic table. It is a metal. III. Draw electron shell diagram for this atom, and also draw its valence shell diagram. Electron Shell Diagram (Bohr Model): Sodium has 11 electrons. The electron configuration by shells is 2, 8, 1. The diagram shows the nucleus with 11 protons and 12 neutrons, surrounded by electron shells. • First shell (K-shell): 2 electrons • Second shell (L-shell): 8 electrons • Third shell (M-shell): 1 electron (Diagram representation - imagine concentric circles) Nucleus (11p, 12n) \\ 1st shell (2 electrons) \\ 2nd shell (8 electrons) \\ 3rd shell (1 electron) Valence Shell Diagram (Lewis Dot Structure): The valence shell is the outermost shell, which contains 1 electron for Sodium. Na · IV. Write the main shell electron configuration for this atom. The main shell electron configuration (Bohr model) for Sodium (11 electrons) is: 2, 8, 1 V. Write the subshell electron configuration for this atom. The subshell electron configuration for Sodium (11 electrons) follows the Aufbau principle: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1 VI. Write the condensed subshell electron configuration for this atom. The noble gas preceding Sodium is Neon (Ne), which has the configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6. The condensed subshell electron configuration for Sodium is: [Ne] 3s^1 VII. Write and represent the ground state and excited state for this atom. Ground State: The ground state is the lowest energy electron configuration. Configuration: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1 Representation (Orbital Diagram): c c c c c c & & & & & \\ 1s & 2s & 2p_x & 2p_y & 2p_z & 3s Excited State: An excited state occurs when an electron absorbs energy and moves to a higher energy orbital. One possible excited state for Sodium is when the 3s electron moves to the 3p orbital. Configuration: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3p^1 Representation (Orbital Diagram): c c c c c c c c & & & & & & & \\ 1s & 2s & 2p_x & 2p_y & 2p_z & 3s & 3p_x & 3p_y & 3p_z